Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2nd path test > Study guide Bone (Dark) > Flashcards

Study guide Bone (Dark) Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Formation bone

Intramembranous ossification

A
  • for flat bones w/o growth plates
  • ossification center begins in fibrous connective tissue membrane
  • osteoid is secreted into fibrous membrane
  • entrapped osteoblasts become osteocytes
  • form woven bone and periosteum
  • final layer of compact bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endochondral ossification

A
  • Long bones with growth plates
  • predominantly increase length
  • growth plate function requires angiogenesis (good blood supply)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fractures

OLD ACID

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fracture healing

A
  • hematoma
  • fibrocartilagenous callus
  • bony callus
  • remodeling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Salter fractures

A
  • Type 1: straight
  • Type 2: above
  • Type 3: below
  • Type 4: thru
  • Type 5: crush
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Craniomandibular osteopathy

A
  • significant bone growth around mandible and temporomandibular joint
  • westies, scotties
  • autosomal recessive
  • starts 3-7 mo till 11-13 mo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A
  • defect in matric synthesis
  • characterized by excessive bone fragility
    • fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteopetrosis

A
  • failure of bone remoding
    • defecit in osteoclast function
  • increased bone density
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chondrodysplasia

A
  • multifactorial
  • achondroplasia
  • disproportionate dwarfism
  • dachsunds, corgis, bassets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osteoperosis

A
  • Bone loss-resportion > formation
  • Disuse, malnutrition, corticosteroids
  • susceptible to fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Osteopenia

A
  • Decreased numbers of thin trabeculae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scurvy

A
  • Only in species lacking L-gulonolactone oxidase
    • humans, guinea pigs
  • Lack of vit c => dec lysine and proline hydroxylation in collagen => impaired collagen synthesis => weakened vessel walls and physeal cartilage deformity => periarticular hemorrhage and osteochondrodysplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fibrous osteodystrophy

A
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism
    • due to functional parathyroid adenomas or parathyroid hyperplasia
  • Secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • nutritional (Ca:P imbalance in feed)
    • renal (Kidney disease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rickets

A
  • Defect in endochondral ossification
  • only in young animals
  • deficiency of vitamin D or phosphorus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypertrophic osteopathy

A
  • periostal proliferation
  • due to intrathoracic mass
  • joints not involved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy

A
  • double physeal line
  • young dogs
  • acute inflammation in primary spongiosa
  • necrosis of osteoblasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Eosinophilic panosteitis

A
  • large breed dogs presents with shifting leg lameness
  • resolves on own
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Legg-Perthes disease

A
  • avascular necrosis of femoral head
  • small breed dogs
  • occurs prior to physeal closure (4-11 mo)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Osteomyelitis

A
  • very serious disease
  • possible causes
    • sx
    • penetrating wound
    • fractures
    • hematogenous spread
  • tx difficult: low blood supply
  • can be acute or chronic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Osteoma

Study These Flashcards
A

benign tumor of bone (not common)

21
Q

Osteosarc

Study These Flashcards
A
  • malignant bone tumor
  • patologic fractures common
  • metastasis common
  • poor prognosis
  • towards knee, away from elbow
  • doesn’t cross joints
22
Q

multilobular tumor of bone

23
Q

Chondroma

Study These Flashcards
A
  • not as aggressive
  • hard to diagnose b/c it’s soft tissue opacity on rads
24
Q

chondrosarcoma

25
Osteochondromatosis
* Benign * Proliferative of growth plate cartilage * grow with skeleton * multiple bony masses * head and chest often affected
26
Mulitple myeloma
* neoplasm of plasma cells * common in bones * will see Bence-Jones proteins in urine
27
Synovium rxn to injury
* hypertrophy * primary response to injury * pannus * granulation tissue on articular surface * can damage underlying cartilage * can progress to ankylosis (fusion of joint)
28
Articular cartilage response to injury
* **fibrillation** * forms vertical clefts in cartilage * **eburnation** * polishing of exposed subcondral bone * **osteopytosis** * boney protuberance * bone trying to stabilize joint * **joint mice** * osteophytes that break loose into joint
29
Inflammatory arthritis
* acute * penetrating wounds * septicemia * chronic * immune-mediated * sharpei fever * CAE virus in goats * untreated acute arthritis
30
Osteoarthritis
* Degenerative joint disease * typically an aging dz * lesions * fibrillation * cartilage erosion * osteophytosis * eburnation * synovial hyperplasia * decreased proteoglycan synthesis + inc metabolloenzyme synthesis which degrade proteoglycans * less proteoglycans in joint fluid means fluid less viscous
31
Osteocondrosis Dissecans (OCD)
* Osteochondrosis * Tends to be an area of thickened cartilage * OCD when flap breaks off * humoral head common place in dogs, horses, pigs
32
Neoplasia
* Synovial cell sarcoma * tend to be on joints and long bones * **diff between osteosarc and synovial cell is involvement of joint**
33
IVDD
* Disc structure * outer annulus fibrosis * Inner nucleus pulposis * Degeneration * Annulus fibrosis cracks, tears, ruptures * release nucleus pulposus * Type I - sudden, more common chondrodysplastic breeds * Type II - gradual
34
Dural ossification
* ossifying pacymenigitis * generally incidental
35
HIp dysplasia
* degenerative, non-inflammatory * generally large breed dogs * deformation of the joint * sublux of femoral head
36
Elbow dysplasia
* degenerative, non-inflammatory * generally large breed dogs, especially GSD * ununited anconeal process * fragmented medial coronoid process * OCD of elbow
37
Normal muscle fibers
* myofibers - single muscle cells * peripheral nuclei * striations * high blood supply * fiber types * Type I: slow twitch, large number of mitochondria, postural and sustained activity * Type II: fast twitch, fewer mitochondria, rapid activity
38
Classification of muscle injuries
* Distribution * focal-one area * multi-focal-lots of areas * Timeline * monophasic-all muscle injuries look like same time frame * polyphasic-some muscle injury acute, some chronic * indicates ongoing exposure
39
Muscle response to injury
* Hypertorphy * Atrophy * Degeneration * Necrosis - calcification * Regeneration * Fibrosis
40
Low PCV and normal CK think
hemoglobin
41
normal PCV and elevated CK think
moyglobin -toxic to kidneys
42
Muscle damage Circulation
* Downer cattle * equine anesthesia
43
Muscle damage myositis
* bacterial: clostridium, abscesses * Parasitic: toxoplasma gondii, trichella spiralis, sarcocystis spp * Autoimmune: systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, purpura hemorrhagica
44
Muscle damage Congenital
* Malignant hyperthermia-pigs * muscular dystropy * equine rhabdomyolysis: sporadic, polysaccharide storage myopathy * hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) * Fainting goats * Splayleg piglets
45
Muscle damage exertional myopathies
* capture myopathy in exotics * Disuse-cast
46
Muscle damage nutritional
* malnutrition - atrophy * vitamin E/selenium deficiency - white muscle dz
47
Muscle damage toxins
* monensin
48
Muscle damage dennervation
* Brachial plexus avulsion * laryngeal hemiplagia

2nd path test (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions