Study Guide Chap29: Inspecting Cloud and Virtualization Services Flashcards
(19 cards)
1- Which of the following is true concerning the libvirt library software collection? (Choose all that apply.)
- Provides an API library for hypervisors
- Provides a complete hypervisor (VMM) application
- Provides the virsh and virsh-install utilities
- Provides the anaconda file used for bootstrapping
- Provides the libvirtd daemon for host systems
- Provides an API library for hypervisors
- Provides the virsh and virsh-install utilities
- Provides the libvirtd daemon for host systems
Options A, C, and E all contain true statements concerning the libvert library software collection and are therefore correct answers. This software collection does not provide a complete hypervisor application (though many hypervisors incorporate it), so option B is a wrong answer. Also the libvert library does not provide an anaconda file. Thus, option D is also an incorrect choice.
2- Carol wants to automate the management of her virtual machines via a Bash shell script. Which of the following utilities can she use in this script? (Choose all that apply.)
- virsh
- virtinst
- virt-manage
- virt-install
- setvcpus
- virsh
- virt-install
The virsh and virt-install utilities are ones that Carol can incorporate into her Bash shell script for managing her virtual machines. Therefore, options A and D are correct answers. virtinst is the name of a package file, which provides utilities such as virsh, and thus, option B is a wrong answer. Option C, virt-manage, is a made‐up utility, making option C an incorrect answer. setvcpus is an argument you can use with the virsh utility, as opposed to a utility itself, so option E is an incorrect choice.
virsh
Command-line interface for managing virtual machines and hypervisors through libvirt, allowing you to start, stop, configure, and monitor VMs from the terminal.
virtinst
Package containing command-line tools for creating and installing new virtual machines, including virt-install and virt-clone utilities.
virt-manager
Graphical desktop application (GUI) for managing virtual machines through libvirt, providing an easy point-and-click interface for VM creation, configuration, and monitoring.
virt-install
Command-line tool for creating new virtual machines with specified parameters like CPU, memory, storage, and network settings during initial VM setup.
setvcpus
virsh subcommand used to change the number of virtual CPUs allocated to a running or defined virtual machine, either temporarily or permanently with the –config flag.
3- Nick is setting up a bootstrapping process on a RHEL system. He needs to store the installation tree. Which of the following are locations where he could store it? (Choose all that apply.)
- Network location
- USB flash drive
- On AutoYaST
- Within the preseed directory
- With the kickstart file
- Network location
- USB flash drive
- With the kickstart file
The question does not indicate whether this system will be a virtual one or not. Typically for a physical installation, using the kickstart method, the installation tree is stored in a network location or removable media, such as a USB flash drive. Therefore, options A and B are correct answers. For a virtual machine installation, often the installation tree (or ISO) is stored alongside the kickstart file. Thus, option E is also a correct choice. AutoYaST and preseed are alternatives to kickstart for the openSUSE and Ubuntu distributions, so options C and D are incorrect choices.
Bootstrapped Installation
Bootstrapping means creating an automated, unattended installation process that configures a Linux system from scratch without manual intervention, using configuration files like kickstart to define all installation parameters.
Automated Install Tools:
* RHEL
* Ubuntu/Debian
* SUSE
- RHEL: Kickstart
- Ubuntu/Debian: preseed
- SUSE: AutoYaST
SUSE
Software und System-Entwicklung (German for “Software and System Development”), a German Linux distribution company.
4- Which of the following is true concerning the cloud‐init product? (Choose all that apply.)
- It was created and maintained by Microsoft.
- It is usable by cloud‐based virtualization services.
- It is usable by cloud‐based management operating systems.
- It is supported by most major Linux distributions.
- It is a bootstrap product.
- It is usable by cloud‐based virtualization services.
- It is usable by cloud‐based management operating systems.
- It is supported by most major Linux distributions.
- It is a bootstrap product.
Options B, C, D, and E are true statements about the cloud‐init application and thus are correct answers. The only untrue is statement is in option A—the cloud‐init product was created and is maintained by Canonical.
5- Ms. Danvers is designing a set of virtual machines for her company, Miracle. Currently, her host machine uses LVM but only has enough disk space for 1 TB of data. Her three VMs will need 200 GB of disk space immediately but are projected to grow to 300 GB each within the next year. What should she do?
- Configure the three VMs to use persistent storage.
- Configure the three VMs to use temporary storage.
- Configure the three VMs to use thick provisioned storage.
- Configure the three VMs to use thin provisioned storage.
- Configure the three VMs to use blob storage.
Configure the three VMs to use thick provisioned storage.
Ms. Danvers’ best choice is to configure the three virtual machines to use thin provisioned storage. This method will allow the VMs to immediately consume 600 GB of the 1 TB of host disk space and grow over time as needed (which is called overprovisioning). As the VMs’ data grows, she can purchase additional disk space for her host machine and add it to the logical volume. Thus, option D is the correct answer. There is not enough information provided to determine whether or not the virtual machines’ disks should be configured as permanent or temporary, so options A and B are wrong answers. Thick provisioning would cause the three virtual machines to allocate 1.2 TB of disk space, which is not available, and thus, option C is an incorrect answer. Blob storage is used on Microsoft Azure virtual machines, and the question does not indicate that this is the cloud provider environment Ms. Danvers is using. Thus, option E is an incorrect choice.
Thick Provisioning
Storage space is allocated and reserved upfront when creating a virtual disk - if you create a 100GB virtual disk, the full 100GB is immediately consumed from the host storage, regardless of how much data the VM actually uses.
Thin Provisioning
Storage space is allocated dynamically as needed - a 100GB virtual disk only consumes actual host storage as data is written to it, starting near zero and growing up to the maximum size, allowing for storage overcommitment.
6- Mr. Fury is a programming professor at Galactic University. This next semester he has chosen to use virtual machines for his students’ labs. The students will be creating a single program that they’ll work on throughout the entire semester. What is the best choice of disk storage for Mr. Fury’s student virtual machines?
- Persistent storage
- Temporary storage
- Thick provisioned storage
- Thin provisioned storage
- Blob block storage
Persistent storage
Because Mr. Fury’s programming students will be creating a single program that they are working on for the entire semester, the virtual machine storage needs to be configured as persistent. This will allow the students to access and modify their program on the virtual machine without having to re‐create it each time their VM boots. Thus, option A is the correct choice. If Mr. Fury uses temporary storage, the students would have to re‐create their program each time the VM boots, so option B is a wrong answer. Thickly or thinly provisioned storage needs are not discussed in this question, so options C and D are also incorrect answers. Blob storage is used on Microsoft Azure virtual machines, and the question does not indicate that this is the cloud provider environment Mr. Fury is using. Therefore, option E is an incorrect choice.
Which of the following is true about an overlay network? (Choose all that apply.)
- It is a storage virtualization method.
- It is a network virtualization method.
- It is a method that employs encapsulation.
- It is a method that employs bandwidth tunneling.
- It is a method that employs page blobs.
- It is a network virtualization method.
- It is a method that employs encapsulation.
- It is a method that employs bandwidth tunneling.
Overlay networking is a network virtualization method that employs encapsulation as well as channel bandwidth tunneling. Therefore, options B, C, and D are correct answers. It is not a storage virtualization method, so option A is a wrong answer. Also, it does not employ page blobs (which are a Microsoft Azure platform storage option), so option E is also an incorrect choice.
Overlay Networking
- Virtual Network Layer: Overlay networking creates a virtualized network that runs on top of an existing physical network infrastructure, allowing virtual machines or containers to communicate as if they’re on the same network segment even when physically distributed across different hosts or data centers.
- Encapsulation Technology: Uses protocols like VXLAN, GRE, or GENEVE to encapsulate virtual network traffic inside physical network packets, enabling features like network isolation, multi-tenancy, and software-defined networking without requiring changes to the underlying physical infrastructure.
- Common Use Cases: Essential for containerized environments (Docker/Kubernetes networking), cloud platforms, and virtualized data centers where you need flexible, scalable networking that can span multiple physical hosts while maintaining network segmentation and security policies.
10- Nick has created five virtual machines on his host system. One virtual machine is employed as a firewall for the other four machines, which are confined with host‐only adapters. The firewall VM operates on the host system’s network as a node. Which of the following describe his firewall adapter configuration? (Choose all that apply.)
- Host‐only
- Bridged
- NAT
- Multihomed
- Dual‐homed
- Host‐only
- Bridged
- Dual‐homed
For Nick’s firewall VM to act as a firewall to the other four virtual machines, it would need a host‐only adapter to communicate with the other machines on the local internal network. The firewall VM would also need a bridged NIC to act as a node on the host machine’s network. Because this firewall VM has two virtual NICs, it is considered to be dual‐homed. Thus, options A, B, and E are correct choices. The NAT configuration type is not needed or employed in this scenario, so option C is a wrong answer. Also, since there are no more than two virtual adapters needed, it is not a multihomed (more than two) configuration, and option D is an incorrect choice.
