Study Guide - Chap30: Orchestrating the Environment Flashcards
(7 cards)
2- Connie, the tech ops lead, provides the development team with a development environment that currently matches the production environment. She insists that besides the app modifications, the environment should not change. What attribute should this development environment have to meet Connie’s requirement?
- Self‐replicating
- Immutable
- Kubernetes
- Infrastructure as code
- Self‐healing
Immutable
To meet Connie’s requirement, the development environment must be immutable (not modifiable). Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Self‐replication will not assist in reaching Connie’s requirement for an unchanging environment, so option A is a wrong answer. Kubernetes is an orchestration engine, not an attribute, so option C is also an incorrect choice. Infrastructure as code does not provide an unchanging environment, so option D is a wrong answer. In orchestration, self‐healing refers to a different issue than an unchanging environment, so option E is also an incorrect choice.
3- Bill, the software development team leader, understands Connie’s (tech ops lead) desire for a static and matching development environment. However, since they are employing containers, Bill suggests a better improvement. Which of the following should he suggest?
- Modify the production container so that it matches the development container when the app is ready for production.
- Move the app from the development container to the production container when the app is ready for production.
- Stop any software updates on the development container from occurring before the app is ready for production.
- Replace the production container with the development container when the app is ready for production.
- Remove any updates on the development container that are not on the production container when the app is ready for production
Replace the production container with the development container when the app is ready for production.
With container orchestration and DevOps, to keep the production and development environment matching so that problems do not occur when an app is moved into production, you simply replace the old production environment with the development environment. In the case of containers, this means you stop the old production container and start the new development container as the production container in its place. Thus, option D is the correct answer and follows the “replace, not update” attribute. While the answer in option A would work, it is terribly tedious, time‐consuming, and full of potential problems. Therefore, it is a wrong answer. The answer in option B is the old‐school method of moving an app into production, and it does not meet Connie’s desire for a static and matching environment. Thus, it is also an incorrect answer. If before the app is ready for production, you stop any software updates on the development container from occurring, that does not make the development environment match the production environment alone. Thus, option C is a wrong choice. Option E also would work but is even more tedious and full of potential problems than the answer in option A. Therefore, it too is an incorrect choice.
5- In DevOps and container orchestration, non‐hardware items such as the operating system and libraries and security policies are documented within the orchestration tool, implemented into the desired environment, and are called what?
- Marathon
- Build automation
- A development environment
- A container
- Infrastructure as code
Infrastructure as code
Infrastructure as code is an umbrella term that encompasses both the configuration management settings (operating system, libraries, additional software) and the policy as code items (security policies, authentication settings). Thus, option E is the correct choice. Marathon is the orchestration tool used with the Mesos application. Therefore, option A is a wrong answer. Build automation uses infrastructure as code. Thus, option B is an incorrect answer. A development environment can be built using infrastructure as a code. Therefore, option C is also a wrong answer. A container also can be built using infrastructure as a code but is not the code itself, so option D is an incorrect choice too.
6- Ms. Ward needs to move an app container into production. She employs an orchestration tool, which uses the predefined infrastructure as code to deploy and replicate the needed production container images. What orchestration concept did Ms. Ward use?
- Monitoring
- Build automation
- Replication
- Version control
- Docker Swarm
Build automation
Ms. Ward is using build automation. Thus, option B is the correct answer. Monitoring comes after containers are deployed, so option A is a wrong answer. Replication is part of the process Ms. Ward used, but it does not describe the container deployment, so option C is not the best answer and is an incorrect choice. Version control was hopefully used by Ms. Ward so she can roll back or troubleshoot her application, if needed, but option D is not a correct answer. Docker Swarm is an orchestration system, and thus, option E is also an incorrect answer.
7- Which of the following is a benefit of automated configuration management in container orchestration? (Choose all that apply.)
- Containers can be deployed automatically.
- Containers can be replicated automatically.
- Troubleshooting infrastructure issues is easier.
- Continuous software delivery is enabled.
- Infrastructure modifications are tracked.
- Containers can be deployed automatically.
- Containers can be replicated automatically.
- Troubleshooting infrastructure issues is easier.
- Infrastructure modifications are tracked.
In container orchestration, automated configuration management allows containers to be deployed and replicated automatically (build automation). Also, troubleshooting infrastructure issues is easier because the modifications are tracked in a version control system. Thus, options A, B, C, and E are all correct answers. While automated configuration management and orchestrated containers may be part of continuous software delivery, they are not directly related. Therefore, option D is the only incorrect choice.
9- Which of the following are items that may be collected, used, or watched by an orchestration monitoring tool? (Choose all that apply.)
- Version control errors
- App container performance
- App metrics
- App container health
- Default states
- App container performance
- App metrics
- App container health
- Default states
App container performance, metrics, container health, and default states are all collected, watched, or used by an orchestration monitoring tool. Therefore, options B, C, D, and E are all correct answers. Option A is the only incorrect choice because the version control system is not used or watched by an orchestration monitoring utility.
10- Connie has picked an agentless orchestration monitoring utility for her app containers. Which of the following reasons might she have used in reaching this decision? (Choose all that apply.)
- Connie wanted monitoring software installed on each app container.
- She did not want monitoring software installed on each app container.
- Connie was concerned about container performance being adversely affected by the monitoring software.
- She was not concerned about container performance being adversely affected by the monitoring software.
- Connie wanted to use what most companies use for orchestration monitoring.
- She did not want monitoring software installed on each app container.
- Connie was concerned about container performance being adversely affected by the monitoring software.
Those who choose agentless orchestration monitoring tools typically do not want to install monitoring software (an agent) on their app containers. Also, they are concerned about this installed agent adversely affecting performance. Therefore, options B and C are the correct answers. Since the answers in options A and D are opposite of options B and C, they are wrong answers. Also, the industry is divided on which is the best to use (agent or agentless) for orchestration monitoring, so option E is also an incorrect choice.
