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Study Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

.If you doubt that the New Testament was copied reliably, what would you also have to doubt in the world of literature to be logically consistent?

A

.?????

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2
Q

According to Daniel Wallace, what two attitudes should we avoid when it comes to the exact wording of certain biblical texts?

A

Radical Skepticism and Absolute Certainty

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3
Q

What is the main reason there are so many textual variants?

A

Because we have a lot of manuscripts

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4
Q

Our oldest manuscript fragment from the book of John (often called “John Ryland’s Fragment”) goes back to what date?

A

125 AD

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5
Q

How many manuscripts claim that Jesus is not God and that he did not rise from the dead?

A

0

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6
Q

How many of the 27 NT books do the early Christian leaders like Polycarp, Clement and Ignatius mention by the year 110?

A

25

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7
Q

When was the Jerusalem temple destroyed?

A

70 AD

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8
Q

Why is the destruction of the Jerusalem temple important?

A

The destruction of the temples was more devastating than 911 and Jesus predicted it. According to Josephus, over 1,000,000 Jews perished when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the temple. The capital of the nation was obliterated and the center of waroship and Jewish pride was erased.

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9
Q

How do the biblical authors portray themselves in the Gospels? Name at least 4 characteristics.

A

Blame, cowardly
slow minded
unbelieving (Jesus had to eat fish and show wounds)
self-centered (arguing over the greatest)
stigma (is a of disgrace associated with a particular quality)

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10
Q

Which are some of the ways that the followers of Jesus were persecuted? Name 4.

A 
Imprisoned
Exile
Flogged
Stoned
Beaten
Hated
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11
Q

Which long-held beliefs of the disciples changed after witnessing the resurrection of Jesus? Name several.

A 
Loss of Jewish identity
Circumcision
Sabbath
Sacrifice
Strict Monotheism
Messianic expectations
Resurrection expectations
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12
Q

Whereas at the start of Islam, one could be killed for not being a Muslim, at the start of Christianity one could be killed for…

A

Becoming a Christian

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13
Q

How many independent sources do we have that recount Jesus’ resurrection?

A

There are at least 4 sources, they are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

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14
Q

According to the Apostle Paul, about how many eyewitnesses saw Jesus risen from the dead?

A

500

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15
Q

Which Gospel was NOT an eyewitness of Jesus being alive after his death?

A

Luke and the writers of Hebrews

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16
Q

About how many specific facts in the last 16 chapters of Acts have been confirmed by non-Christian history and archaeology?

A

84

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17
Q

About how many historical figures mentioned in the NT have been confirmed by archaeology and non-Christian sources?

A

At least 30

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18
Q

When Paul says that many witnesses were still alive, what is he in essence challenging his readers to do?

A

To go and ask people.

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19
Q

Approximately how much time is there between Jesus’ death and the books that record it?

A

20 to 30 years

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20
Q

What principle helps historians know that an author is telling the truth?

A

Embarrassment

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21
Q

What are the reasons we can be confident the Gospels were actually written by eyewitnesses or near eyewitness (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)? Name 10.

A

Outside Corroboration, Eyewitness Testimony, Early Testimony, Multiple Sources, Source Agreement, Disadvantageous Testimony

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22
Q

What is the evidence that Jesus died on the cross? Name several things.

A

The flogging that Roman soldier gave Jesus, would have caused shock and blood loss that would result in death. And being crucified on the cross would lead to suffocation.

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23
Q

What is the evidence that Jesus’ tomb was empty? Name as many things as you can.

A

The location of the tomb was known to the Jews and the Christians, if it wasn’t empty the people that saw him executed could’ve disproved the resurrection.

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24
Q

What is the evidence that Jesus was alive after his death? Name as many things as you can.

A

Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians that he personally encountered the Christ. Christ appeared to Peter and more than five hundred of the brothers at the same time. The discovery of the empty tomb. Paul’s creed was written as if it was true. The gospels argue that Jesus rose from the dead. Evidence of the resurrection is the amount of testimony.

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25
Jesus has been claimed to be a copy of: Name ten pagan gods.
Krishna, Buddha, Horus, Mithras, Osiris, Marduk, Zoroaster, Hercules, Attis, and Adonis
26
How do seasons and growing cycles relate to dying and rising by these ancient gods?
?????
27
The so-called “virgin births” of some of these “gods” include: Name four. (e.g. Mithras/Mithra was born from a rock)
?????
28
How does artwork relate to the claim that Jesus is just like mythical gods?
The gods with arms outstretched are said to be crucified.
29
List at least three statements that demonstrate that Jesus considered himself God.
“Before Abraham was, I am” (John 8:58) “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me, behold I am with you always.” (Matthew 28:18-20) “I am the alpha and omega, the first and last, the beginning and the end.” (Revelation 22:13) “If you knew me, you would know my father.” (John 8:19)
30
What evidence is there that Jesus’ critics understood Him to be claiming divine status?
The Jews to Pilate, “we have a law, and according to the law he ought to die because he made himself the son of God,” (John 19:7) The Jews answered him, “It is not for a good work that we are going to stone you but for blasphemy, because you, being a man, make yourself God.” (John 10:33)
31
What is the evidence that Jesus’ followers considered him to be divine shortly after his resurrection? List at least four examples.
Thomas answered him “My Lord and my God.” (John 20:28) “Though Jesus was in the form of God, he did not count equality with a with God, a thing to be grasped but emptied himself.” (Philippians 2:6-7)
32
Anyone can claim to be God. But what is the evidence that Jesus was actually God? List 4 things.
- Jesus defeated mankind’s gravest problem...Multiple, early, independent eyewitnesses whose testimony is consistent, corroborated, counter-cultured, and disadvantageous. - Jesus showed NO evidence of dishonesty, only evidence of the highest morality...Jesus’s disciples never once witnessed him do wrong (1Peter 2:22, John 3:15). He taught and lived out the highest morality (love your enemies). Jesus died for what he said. - Jesus showed NO evidence of lunacy, only evidence of wisdom and levelheadedness...There were no signs of mental illness (such as dramatic mood swings, irrational fears). He answers with calmness and wisdom. (John 8:2-11, Mark 12:13-37). - Jesus died and rose..”.The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son and call him Imanuel.” (Isaih 7:14). “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given. And the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be on his shoulders. And he will be called wonderful counseler, mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.” (Isiah 9:6) “But he was pierced for our transgressions, but he was crushed for our iniquities, the punishment that brought us peace was on him, and by his wounds we are healed.” (Isiah 53:5) “He was assigned a grave with the wicked and the rich in his death.” (Isiah 53:9) “After he has suffered, he will see the light of life and be satisfied.” (Isiah 53:11)
33
The heresy of Gnosticism arose in which century?
2ND Century
34
How many “Gnostic Gospels” are there?
It is believed that there were over 50 different gospels.
35
Do the Gnostic Gospels meet any of the criteria for historical reliability?
No, because there is little verifiable history such as specific places, names, and historical events so it is not Corroborated. There are forgeries so there are no eyewitness accounts. It’s contrary to the 1st century gospels so there are no source agreements.
36
How did Jesus regard the Old Testament? List three descriptions.
(Jesus’s views align mor with a Conservative view) - The Bible is inerrant (meaning the Bible is without error or fault in all its teachings.) - Old Testament accounts are regarded as historical - The Bible has miracles and prophecies
37
What are some historical events that Jesus talked about that today many people reject? Ex: Jonah was a real person swallowed by a big fish.
- Creation of Adam and Eve – to ground his teachings on marriage (Matthew 19:1-6). - Noah’s Flood – to ground his teachings on the final judgement (Matthew 26:36-42). - Jonah & the Whale – to ground his teachings on the resurrection (Matthew 12:40)
38
Approximately how old is the universe according to most scientists today?
13.7 billion years old.
39
Based on a Creation event of six 24-hour days, and a calculation of Biblical genealogies, how old is the universe?
6000 yrs. Old Calculations of Biblical genealogies - There are roughly 2000 years from Adam to Abraham according to the genealogies found in Genesis 5 and 11. - There are roughly 2000 years from Abraham to Jesus. - There are roughly 2000 years from Jesus to the present day.
40
How can we be confident that the word “day” in Genesis 1 means a regular 24-hour period of time? Name three reasons.
- Immediate Context – uses of day outside of Genesis 1, Day 1 – number 410 times always means an ordinary, night with day. - Same Author Context – Exodus 20:11 for in six days, the Lord made the heavens, the earth, and the sea. - Other Testament Context – Matthew 19:4.
41
Is the age of the earth a salvation issue?
It’s not a salvation issue, but there are problems believing in the Universe being billions of years, such as: - God’s word becomes erroneous or secondary. - If the majority scientific opinion is my ultimate authority, what does that mean for my belief that Jesus rose from the dead. God becomes the author of death. - Jesus’s death loses significance
42
What is true about an embryo from the moment of conception? List at least 4 things
- The sperm penetrates the egg to form a zygote (one-cell-embryo) - The embryo is alive - The embryo is human: offspring of humans - The embryo is distinct
43
What is true about an unborn child in the first trimester of pregnancy? List at least 3 things.
- at 3 weeks the baby’s heart starts beating - at 8 weeks every organism is present and has the appearance of an infant - at 10 weeks the baby becomes sensitive to touch and can squint, smile and frown
44
What do these passages say about when life begins? Psalm 51:5, Psalm 22:10, Luke 1:41
Psalm 51:5 - “Surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me.” Psalm 22:10 - “From my mother’s womb you have been my God.” Luke 1:41 - “When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.”
45
What are Christian husbands called to be like? (Ex: Submit, lead, etc.)
Husbands should take the primary role of serving, protecting, and leading.
46
Which words are most fitting for the wives? (Ex: Submit, help, etc.)
Wives should take the primary role of helping, yielding and respecting.
47
How is the telephone game very different than the copying process for biblical manuscripts?
- Whispered vs. Written - One Line of Communication vs. Multiple Lines - Trivial Message vs. Sacred Message - Rascally Teenagers vs. Trained Scribes
48
When it comes to Greco-Roman literature, how does the time gap between the original and our oldest copy of the New Testament compare to other writings?
Earliest copies of Herodotus, Thucydides, Aristotle, Plato, Caesar and Tacitus are all over 1000 years older than the original document. The earliest copy of the New Testament is 50 years older than the original document (fragment of John)
49
When it comes to Greco-Roman literature, how does the number of copies of the New Testament compare to other writings?
We have less than 10 ancient manuscripts of Plato, Herodotus and Thucydides. As for the New Testament, we have over 6,000 manuscripts.
50
Even if we lost every New Testament manuscript, how would we still be able to put the New Testament back together again?
?????
51
How do know that each Gospel is an independent witness?
Because they contain the same basic information.
52
How many Gospels include details on Jesus’ death, empty tomb, and proclamation that Jesus was alive.
Each Gospel includes details on them.
53
What is the significance of women to the Gospel accounts of the Resurrection?
It gave the story more credibility, because if they were lying, they would have made themselves the heroes of the story.
54
Do Paul’s letters from the 40s and 50s mention Jesus' death and resurrection?
Yes
55
How many writings are there about Jesus from within 150 years of his life? How many writings are there about the Roman Caesar Tiberius (emperor in the time of Jesus) within 150 years of his life?
There is one more source for Jesus than there is for Caesar.
56
True or false? Virtually all scholars (Christian and secular alike) agree that Jesus died and that his tomb was empty on Sunday.
True
57
Is FAITH alone the reason why the disciples were willing to die to claim Jesus rose from the dead? If not, what did they have that modern religious people don’t have?
Yes, faith alone was the reason the disciples were willing to die.
58
Did any non-Christian sources mention (confirm) that Jesus rose from the dead?
Yes
59
Was Luke an eyewitness of the resurrected Jesus?
Yes
60
Are any similarity between Jesus and a made-up mythical god (like an unusual birth) evidence of him being a copy of that other “god.”
No
61
When was Jesus was first worshipped as God? (which century?)
1st Century
62
What was the main teaching of Gnosticism?
Taught that Jesus’ mission was to impart a secret knowledge rather than offer his life for the sins of the world.
63
When Jesus says “The Father is greater than I”, is he essentially saying that he is a second level deity by nature? Why or why not?
?????
64
How did the apostles demonstrate that they were speaking and writing on God’s behalf?
Peter heals a man.
65
Did entire church officially recognized ALL 27 New Testament books as the Word of God by the 1st century?
No. They only recognize 25.
66
All scientific dating methods for the age of the universe are based on assumptions about the past.
True
67
What is Uniformitarianism?
Present rates and conditions are the same as the past.
68
A universe age of 14 billion years is actually not enough time for what to be true about the temperature of the universe?
?????
69
Some uniformitarian dating methods indicate that the universe _______ be billions of years old while others indicate that the universe __________ be billions of years old.
?????
70
_____________ practices include dismembering the fetus inside the womb part by part.
Abortion
71
Scripture’s prohibits homosexual sex and the eating of pork and shellfish. Why do many Christians consider the first one applicable to them and the second one not?
Avoiding certain foods was a temporary symbol of the greater reality of avoiding sin.
72
Has God has established roles of authority and submission for the advantage of the people who have the authority or for the vantages of those being served by leaders?
?????
73
Was Jesus more concerned about doing what was right or being nice, pleasant and inoffensive?
He was concerned with doing what was right because if a man’s goal is to be nice, he will inevitably avoid God’s goal of speaking God’s law and Gospel, both of which are highly offensive.
74
All the materials from the World Religions section.
?????
75
Who do you think the prophet is referring to?
Jesus
76
What are your reasons for thinking this? Use specific examples from the chapter.
Because it speaks of someone dying for our sins. But he was pierced for our transgressions. Yet it was the Lord’s will to crush him and cause him to suffer, and though the Lord makes his life an offering for sin.
77
Do you think the author could possibly be referring to someone else?
No. Because if talks about the person being the Lord's offspring.
78
Why do you think the author could or could not be referring to someone else? Use specific examples from the chapter.
He will see his offspring and prolong his days. For he bore the sin of many and made intercession for the transgressors.
79
Do you believe the message of this chapter?
yes
80
Why do you believe or reject the message of this chapter?
Because I am a Christian and I believe Jesus died for my sins.

Faith 21 (7 decks)

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