Study questions

Question 1

Which muscle can lengthen and tense vocal folds to increase pitch?

Answer 1

Cricothyroid

Question 2

What are four of the seven functions of communicative intent that develop between 9 and 18 months of age?

Answer 2

Heuristic
maginative
interactional
personal

Question 3

The concept of adequate construct validity means that…

Answer 3

…test scores are consistent with theoretical concepts or expectations.

Question 4

Which term describes a child’s ability to mentally sort speech stimuli or remember what he or she has heard?

Answer 4

Auditory memory

Question 5

In one method of esophageal speech, the patient impounds the air in the oral cavity, pushes it back into the esophagus, and vibrates the cricopharyngeus muscle. What is this method called?

Answer 5

Laryngeal airway resistance method

Question 6

Some researchers have claimed that stuttering may be an operant behavior, which is behavior that is….

Answer 6

….changed by its consequences.

Question 7

The definition of stuttering as “speech that contains 5% or more disfluencies” is based on….?

Answer 7

…certain listener evaluation studies.

Question 8

You are treating a patient who has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. You decide to use an emotion-oriented therapy by playing audio recordings of relatives of the patient. You believe that this approach will decrease the agitation and improve the well-being of the patient. This type of approach is called

Answer 8

cognitive stimulation therapy (CST).

Question 9

Standardized tests are limited in their usefulness because….

Answer 9

hey sample participants (children) and responses in a limited manner.

Question 10

As a clinician working in a hospital with patients who have neurological problems, you decide to purchase functional communication tests. These tests seek to assess….

Answer 10

communication in natural or everyday situations.

Question 11

When a person is producing a voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is the…..?

Answer 11

genioglossus.

Question 12

What is one difficulty with cross-sectional studies?

Answer 12

The investigator observes differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature.

Question 13

___________,is the volume of air that the singer can exhale after a maximal inhalation.

Answer 13

vital capacity

Question 14

Which muscle primarily vibrates and produces sound?

Answer 14

Internal thyroarytenoids

Question 15

A friend asks you about her baby Sasha, who is being exposed to Croatian and English in the home. Your friend explains that Sasha has heard both Croatian and English from early infancy. Sasha is experiencing the phenomenon of:…

Answer 15

Simultaneous bilingual acquisition

Question 16

What is the muscle that exerts the pull that allows the eustachian tube to open during yawning and swallowing?

Answer 16

Tensor palatini

Question 17

One major distinction between the pyramidal and the extrapyramidal systems is that?

Answer 17

the pyramidal system controls voluntary and fine motor movements, whereas the extrapyramidal system controls the postural support for fine motor movement.

Question 18

True or False

Excessive and even stress helps distinguish ataxic dysarthria from hyperkinetic dysarthria, with its equal stress.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

__________ validity is based on consistency of scores with a theoretical expectation.

Answer 19

Construct

Question 20

The lowest intensity of a sound that will stimulate the auditory system is called

Answer 20

sound pressure level.

Question 21

Approximately when is the past tense regular -ed mastered by typically developing children?

Answer 21

26–48 months

Question 22

Nick has a short lingual frenum (tongue-tie). Because the frenum is attached too close to the tip of the tongue, it causes a reduction in tongue mobility. Nick is, therefore, unable to produce lingua-alveolar sounds (e.g., /t/, /d/). Which is the most appropriate diagnosis for Nick?

Answer 22

Ankyloglossia

Question 23

A researcher who developed a language acquisition test claims that her test measures what it is supposed to measure because the scores are progressively higher across age groups. She is claiming that her test has what kind of validity?

Answer 23

Content validity

Question 24

When a vowel (usually /o/ or /u/) is substituted for a syllabic consonant (e.g., a child may say “bado” instead of “bottle,” or “noodoo” instead of “noodle”), it is called

Answer 24

vocalization.

Question 25

James, a 4-year-old boy, attends your cleft palate center for a speech evaluation. James was born with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. He is unable to close his velopharyngeal port and, as a result, has difficulty producing non-nasal sounds. This patient’s non-nasal speech sounds would have which of the following characteristics?

Answer 25

Hypernasality

Question 26

Which muscles help in velopharyngeal closure?

Answer 26

Palatoglossus tensor veli palatini levator veli palatini

Question 27

A child is brought for an evaluation because he is having difficulty producing /r/ and /l/. In your report, you state that he is having difficulty producing.....

Answer 27

liquids.

Question 28

What is a limitation of standardized speech–language tests?

Answer 28

Inadequate participant and response sampling

Question 29

Stuttering in preschool children tends to occur somewhat more frequently on...

Answer 29

function words than on content words.

Question 30

When a child repeats a pattern (e.g., wawa/water), it is referred to as

Answer 30

reduplication.

Question 31

On completion of an oral mechanism examination, the attending orthodontist notices that her patient has a protruding maxilla and a receded mandible. The orthodontist asks the student speech–language pathologist for a diagnosis of the condition. The student should diagnose the condition as...

Answer 31

class II malocclusion.

Question 32

_______ _______ is based on the arithmetic mean of scores or values.

Answer 32

nomal distrubution

Question 33

A father comes to you regarding his daughter, who is 8 months old. The daughter’s hearing loss is bilateral, and she is profoundly deaf. The father states that he wishes for his daughter, as she grows older, to “fit in with children with normal hearing.” He is interested in any possible amplification and says that he wants his daughter to lead a life that is “as normal as possible.” Which training approach would best fit this father’s wishes?

Answer 33

Aural/oral method