Study Questions Flashcards
1
Q
What are the four classes of working pressure.
A
100, 150, 200, 250 psi
2
Q
What year was the Safe Drinking Act established.
A
1974
3
Q
What are the four main steps to water life cycle.
A
Evaporation, Precipitation, Condensation and Groundwater (Collection).
4
Q
What are the sources for water supply.
A
Groundwater and Surface Water.
5
Q
What is turbidity.
A
The cloudy appearance of water caused by the presence of suspended and colloidal matter.
6
Q
What is soft water.
A
Is surface water that is characterized by low calcium and magnesium.
7
Q
What are the characteristics of groundwater.
A
High concentrations of dissolved solids, dissolved gases and high hardness.
8
Q
What is head.
A
The vertical distance, height or energy of water above a reference point.
9
Q
How is head measured.
A
Pressure and height.
10
Q
Storage facilities for treated water at a water plant is called.
A
Clear wells
11
Q
What are some examples of operational service storage tanks.
A
Pressure tanks, elevated tanks, ground-level tanks/reservoirs and underground facilities.
12
Q
What does s distribution system consist of.
A
Pipes, valves, fire hydrants, service lines and pumping stations.
13
Q
What are some water quality problems only groundwater would have.
A
Nitrates, sand, sulfide and corrosivity.
14
Q
What are water quality problems only surface water would have.
A
Coliforms or microbial contamination, turbidity, odors and trihalomethanes.
15
Q
What does MCL stand for.
A
Maximum contaminant level
16
Q
What are macroscopic organisms.
A
Organisms big enough to be seen by the eye without an aid of a microscope such as worms, bugs or milky water due the air.
17
Q
What is cross connection.
A
Is an unprotected connection between any part of the water system used or intended to be used to supply water for drinking water purposes.
18
Q
What is backflow.
A
A reverse flow condition created by a difference in water pressures that causes water to flow back into the distribution pipes.
19
Q
What is backsiphonage.
A
Is a form of backflow caused by a negative or below atmospheric pressure within a water supply piping
20
Q
What is back pressure.
A
Is when the user’s water system is at a higher pressure than the public water supply.
21
Q
What are the two greatest water quality nuisances.
A
Corrosion and precipitation of iron.
22
Q
What are slimes.
A
They are organic substances of a visous nature formed from microbiological growth
23
Q
What are biofilms.
A
They are the result of a complex interaction among microorganisms.
24
Q
What are the six common types of storage facilities.
A
Clear well, elevated tank, standpipe, ground-level service reservoir, hydro-pneumatic, and surge tank.
25
How often should an elevated tank be inspected.
Internal inspection every 5 years and an external inspection every year.
26
What is the major difference between an elevated tank and a standpipe.
An elevated tank provides pressure whereas a standpipe provides volume.
27
What is the recommended water-to-air ratio for a hydro-pneumatic tank.
Two-thirds water to one-third air.
28
What is the most common consumer complaint regarding water quality.
Red water
29
What are some factors that may increase biofilm growth and increase corrosion.
Water temperature, flow, age of facilities, operating procedures and age of water in a specific point.
30
Primary contaminations are considered to be
Health hazards.
31
Secondary contaminations are considered to be
Non-health hazards
32
What is hydraulic transient.
It a temporary change in pressure or flow, also known as surge, shock or water hammer.
33
What determines the size of a hydraulic transient.
A change in flow velocity, the liquid density or the speed of sound in the pipe.
34
What are the two factors that determine the type of storage facility or tank a system needs.
The system's individual needs and the type of terrain.
35
What is the purpose of a surge tank and where should it be located.
A surge tank controls problems with surge or water hammers and they should be located at the closest point to the activity that creates the water hammer.
36
What are the three types of tank inspections.
A visual inspection, a detailed inspection and an inspection with divers.
37
What are some factors that affect hydraulic grade line.
Fire, high demand, obstructions in the pipe such as throttle valves, and water hammers or thrust.
38
What are two problems exercising a valve can cause.
Water hammer and cavitation.
39
What is an altitude valve.
A valve that automatically shuts off the flow into an elevated tank when the water level in the tank reaches a predetermined level.
40
What are the different types of control systems used to monitor water levels in tank.
Electrodes, ultrasonic signal, pressure switches, and differential-pressure altitude valve.
41
What type of pump requires water on the impeller to operate.
Centrifugal pump
42
What factors of a microbiological type can cause water quality problems.
Loss of chlorine residual, growth of bacteria, dead rodents and/or debris.
43
What is the minimum gap for in an air gap.
2"
44
What are the two types of cleaning methods for storage tanks.
Out-of-service or in-service.
45
Provide examples of substances in the water that influence rate of corrosion.
Dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide lowers pH, dissolved minerals such as salt and sulfatereducing bacteria.
46
What are some methods of controlling corrosion for a tank
Painting, metallic coating, nonmetallic coating, chemicals added in the treatment process and cathodic protection.
47
What is commonly used as a disinfectants for storage tanks.
Liquid chlorine, calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite.
48
What is available chlorine.
?
49
What are boosters pumps primary functions.
Booster pumps are used to increase the pressure in the mains on the discharge side of the main pumps or to supply water to an elevated storage tank.
50
What type of pump is a booster pump.
Centrifugal pump.
51
What is a regulator station's main function.
Its main function is to reduce pressure and maintain an even acceptable pressure downstream from a high pressure system.
52
Where are gauges commonly found.
They're usually found on the discharge side of a pump.
53
What is the purpose of a distribution system.
To provide sufficient pressure and deliver adequate water.
54
What is the maximum pressure in a system.
100 psi
55
What is the normal pressure for resident.
35-40 psi
56
What is absolute minimum pressure in a system.
20 psi.
57
What is C Factor.
A factor or value used to indicate the smoothness of the interior of a pipe.
58
What is friction loss.
The head or pressure lost by water flowing in a pipe as a result of turbulence or the roughness of the pipe.
59
What maximum velocity should a main flow.
2-4 ft/sec
60
What velocity should a main be flushed at.
2.5 ft/sec
61
Dead end mains exceeding a 1000ft should be constructed of what size pipe.
At least 6".
62
Dead and mains exceeding 2000 ft in length should be constructed of what size pipe.
It should exceed 8".
63
What is the maximum distance valves on water mains should be located.
1000ft
64
What is the maximum distance fire hydrants should be located from the next hydrant.
No more than 500ft.
65
What are transmission main usually constructed of.
Concrete with steel cylinder because it is less expensive in larger sizes.
66
A distribution reservoirs are used primarily for.
To balance out fluctuations in demand that occur over short periods, to provide local storage in case of an emergency, and to control the pressure in the system.
67
What are the three types of water main system layouts.
Grid, loop and tree systems
68
What are the basic requirements for pipes in a water distribution system.
Adequate strength, durability, maximum corrosion resistance and no adverse effect on water quality.
69
What are some types of materials that are available to be used for water mains.
Ductile iron, steel, reinforced concrete , asbestos-cement and plastic.
70
What are service lines typically constructed of.
Copper, PVC, PE, and PB
71
What is galvanic corrosion.
When two different metals that are link together and corrode.
72
When using ductile iron pipe what types of joints are most commonly used.
Mechanical and push-on.
73
What is the minimum cover when laying water mains.
30" from grade
74
What is the Centerline of a pipe called.
Springline
75
What is the minimum depth of the rock bed under a newly laid water main.
6"
76
What type of pipe is especially susceptible to corrosion and requires more protection than other types.
Steel pipe
77
What is the minimum distance between water and sewer laterals when installed horizontally.
10ft
78
What is the minimum distance between a water and sewer laterals when installed vertically.
1ft
79
What is the best way to check if metal pipe has been damaged.
Gently tap the pipe with hammer listening for a ring or a hum.
80
What is the maximum days plastic pipe can be stored unprotected in the sun.
30 days
81
When digging a trench spoils should be placed how far from the edge of the of the hole if it is 5ft and deeper.
Spoils need to 4ft or more from the edge of the hole.
82
When digging a trench if a trench is 5 ft or less how far does the spoils have to be from the edge of the hole.
The spoils have to be 2' from the edge of the hole.
83
When a trench is 4ft deep it needs ladders how far apart.
Every 25'
84
Shoring depends on many factors name some of those factors.
The depth of the trench, the width of the trench, type of soil and nearby activities that cause vibration.
85
What does OSHA stand for.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
86
What year was OSHA enacted.
1970
87
What is a competent person.
A person capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary hazardous or dangerous to an employee.
88
What are the six types of shoring.
Hydraulic shores, screw jacks, air shores, solid sheeting, cylinder shoring and shield shoring
89
When laying pipe out for installation it is called what.
Stringing
90
What types of fittings should have restraints or thrust blocks.
Tees, bends, caps, plugs, hydrants or other fittings that change the direction of flow.
91
What is the first layer of backfill above the bedding called.
Haunching.
92
What is the horizontal centerline of a pipe called.
Springline
93
What are the four stages of backfilling.
Bedding, haunching, initial backfill and final backfill
94
When preparing for a pressure test how long should a pipe sit full of water before starting the test.
24 hours
95
What pressure should the pipe be at for a pressure test.
50% higher than the normal expected operating pressure or 150 psi
96
How long should the pressure test be conducted.
4 hours
97
A leak test on asbestos-cement and ductile iron pipe are reported in.
Gallons lost per day per mile
98
A leak test on plastic pipe is reported in.
Gallons per hour for each 100 joints of pipe.
99
What are some types of rotary valves.
Ball valve, butterfly valve, plug valve, and diaphragm valve
100
How does a linear stroke valve close.
Up and down
101
What are two examples of a linear stroke valve.
Globe valve and gate valve
102
What are four main parts to a hydrant.
Main valve, the barrel, the inlet pipe, and the head
103
What are the two different types of hydrants.
Dry-barrel and wet-barrel
104
Name three types of meters.
Displacement meters, velocity meters and combination meters.
105
Small meters are what type of meter.
Positive displacement
106
Large meters are what type of meter.
Velocity meter
107
What are two types of displacement meters.
Nutating-disc and piston
108
What's another name for a velocity meter.
A current meter
109
What are some types of velocity meters.
Turbine meter, propeller meter and Venturi
110
What are the three types of backflow devices that are approved for use at service connections.
Air gap, RP and double check
111
What is the minimum distance from grade to the bottom of a backflow device.
12"
112
What are the three reasons distribution system should be under surveillance.
To detect and correct any problems that are sanitary hazards, any significant deterioration of the facilities and encroachment of other utilities.
113
What are the three rules that federal and state regulations require monitoring water quality in a system.
Total Coliform Rule, Lead and Copper Rule and Trihalomethane Rule.
114
What is the lowest residual acceptable in a distribution system.
0.2 mg/L
115
Routine non-source sampling performed by utilities includes test for.
Bacteriological samples, turbidity, total trihalomethanes, chlorine residual, taste, odor and color, and Lead and Copper Rule.
116
What are the two monitoring periods for lead and copper sampling.
January to June and July to December
117
What types of Maintenance should be carried out in a distribution system.
Repairing leaks and breaks, flushing, cleaning, disinfecting and relining.
118
What are some factors that cause loss of capacity for water in a distribution system.
Corrosion, pitting, tuberculation, deposit of sentiment and slime growth.
119
What are some benefits in conducting a water audit.
Reduce water losses, Financial Improvement, increased knowledge of distribution system, reduce property damage, improved public relations and reduced legal liability.
120
What is the most common method for making a service connection on main line?
Hot Tap
121
What are hydraulic gradient testing used for?
To determine the ability of the distribution system to maintain adequate pressures throughout the system.
122
When conducting unidirectional flushing what is the rate of flow?
At least 5fps
123
When swabbing or pigging a line water main what rate of speed should be used.
2-4 feet per second
124
What are some methods of thawing water lines.
Hot water thawing, steam thawing, electrical thawing and flushing.
125
What are two problems that can be caused by operating a valves.
Cavitation and water hammers
126
How often should a hydrant be inspected and maintenance be provided.
Twice a year
127
How often should small meters be tested.
Every 5 to 10 years
128
How often should large meters be tested.
Every 1 to 4 years
129
What are three types of water meter registers.
Round-reading register, straight reading register, and digital register.
130
What is the most common inhibitors used in water treatment for corrosion control.
Phosphates
131
Orthophosphates is primarily used for what.
To control lead
132
What are the three most common chemical forms of chlorine used for disinfecting.
Liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite
133
When combining chlorine and ammonia what does it create.
Sodium hypochlorite
134
When using chlorine gas to disinfect storage facilities, what is the required retention period.
Not less than 6 hours.
135
When using sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite what is the minimum retention.
24-hours is required
136
What does SCADA stand for.
Supervisory control and data acquisition
137
Why should pump alignment be checked periodically.
To guard against premature bearing and coupling wear.
138
Define disinfection.
Disinfection is a process designed to kill or inactivate most microorganisms in the water.
139
What is sterilization.
Sterilization is the complete destruction of all organisms.
140
What does TCR stand for.
Total Coliform Rule
141
What are some factors that influence success in a disinfection program.
pH, the temperature of water, turbidity, reducing agents, and microorganisms.
142
What are trihalomethanes (THMs)
It's the undesirable compounds formed bythe reactions between chlorine and certain organics.
143
What are some methods for removing, killing or inactivating pathogenic microorganisms.
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection.
144
What is the most commonly used disinfectant in a distribution system.
Free chlorine.
145
In controlling biofilms ________________ is more effective than free chlorine.
Monochloramine
146
When undergoing dialysis treatment what must be removed from the water before usage.
Monochloramines
147
What are some types of physical means of disinfection
Ultraviolet Rays, Heat and Ultrasonic Waves
148
What color is chlorine gas.
Greenish yellow.
149
How heavy is gas compared to air.
Two and a half times heavier
150
What is the form calcium hypochlorite that is most frequently used to disinfect water.
HTH - high test hypochlorite
151
What does adding chlorine to water that contains ammonia create.
Chloramines
152
What must be present to produce the breakpoint chlorination curve
Ammonia
153
What does AOB stand for
Ammonia oxidizing bacteria
154
What does NOB stand for.
Nitrite oxidizing bacteria
155
What are the methods for producing chloramines.
Preammoniation followed by later chlorination,
| Concurrent addition of chlorine and ammonia, and prechlorination/postammoniation
156
What disinfectant should not be used in solvent-welded plastic or screwed-joint steel pipe.
HTH powder
157
What lowers the pH in water.
Chlorine gas
158
What raises the pH in water.
Hypochlorites
159
What is a rotameter.
A device used to measure the flow rate of gases and liquids.
160
What is reliquefaction.
The return of a gas to the liquid state.
161
What does IDLH stand for.
Immediately dangerous to life or health.
162
What psi should a chlorine cylinder be tested at.
800 psi every 5 years
163
What is the maximum rate of chlorine removal from a 150-pound cylinder.
Is 40 pounds of chlorine per day.
164
What should you do before starting or stopping any chlorination system.
You should read the manufacturers literature or your plant's operation and maintenance instructions.
165
What should you never put on a chlorine leak.
Water
166
How often should chlorine residuals be measured from treated water leaving the plant.
At least 3 times per day on small systems and once every 2 hours on large systems
167
What are the most common methods of measuring chlorine residual.
Amperometric titration and DPD test.
168
What does SCBA stand for.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
169
What is a limitation of pre chlorination.
It may increase the formation of THMs in raw water
170
What are some principal reasons for unsafe acts.
Ignorance, indifference, poor work habits, laziness, haste, poor physical condition and poor attitude.
171
What are two reasons for safety control around Wells is important.
1. Safety control around well sites is necessary to prevent contamination or pollution of the well.
2. Safe housekeeping of well sites will help prevent accidents of operators and employees.
172
What is the distance that is required between sewer and a well.
No sewer should be permitted within 50 ft of any well
173
What distance should portable eye/ face wash units be placed where acid is present.
Within 20ft.
174
Rotating, reciprocating and transverse motions create hazards in two areas, what are those two areas.
The point of operation and the point where power or motion is being transmitted.
175
What does TTC.
Temporary traffic control
176
What does MUTCD stand for.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
177
What does perception distance, reaction distance and braking distance equal.
Total Stopping Distance
178
What are the four areas TTC zones are divided into.
Advanced warning area, transition area, activity area, and termination area.
179
What are some general types of tapers in TTC zone.
Merging taper, shifting taper, shoulder taper, one lane and two-way taper, downstream taper.
180
What does PCMSs stand for.
Portable Changeable Message Signs
181
What are the components of a PCMS.
Message sign, control system, power source and mounting & transporting equipment.
182
A trench is.
An excavation in which the average depth exceeds the width; that width is 15 feet or less at the bottom
183
What is the height of a ladder must extend above the surface of an excavation.
3ft
184
What are the basic functions of a utility manager.
Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling
185
What is the number of employees a supervisor should ideally manage.
6 to 7 employees
186
When should a storage facility be disinfected?
New and existing facilities should be disinfected when repaired, cleaned, painted, or cathodic protection has been installed.
187
What are the guidelines for hiring a commercial diver for interior tank inspection and cleaning.
Only use divers who have completed a commercial training program provided by the Association of Commercial Diving Educators
188
What is corrective maintenance.
The repair or adjustment of equipment and facilities that is necessary when a problem already exists.
189
Where should all storage facilities be located.
Above drainage areas and locations subject to flooding.
190
What is preventive maintenance.
The repair or adjustment of equipment and facilities that is done before deterioration takes place.
191
What is electromotive force.
The electrical pressure available to cause a flow of current when an electric current is closed.
192
When pumps are running at full capacity what significant danger exist.
Backsiphonage into the water supply.
193
How long should a tank stand unused before filling after it has been sprayed with hypochlorite solution.
For at least 30 minutes.
194
What does out-of-service tank cleaning consist of.
Draining, washing, and disinfecting the tank before returning it to service.
195
What are clear wells used for.
To store filtered water from a treatment plant.
196
What are some questions that must be asked to determine a suitable type of storage facility.
What is the maximum day use, what is the maximum hour use, what type of pressure will be required, what size of facility will be required for emergencies, and what is the minimum day use.
197
What are standpipes usually constructed from.
Steel and concrete
198
Which factors influence the selection of a type of storage facility or tank.
The system's individual needs and a type of terrain.
199
Which factors affect longevity of a storage facility coating.
Quality workmanship, proper surface preparation, adequate drawing an aging, proper maintenance through periodic inspection and good durable paint.
200
Which types of inspections should be made of the tank's interior coating.
Visual inspection of the roof hatch, detailed inspection after draining and washing of a tank, detail inspection using divers or video cameras, and detail inspection after cleaning a tank with vacuum like device.
201
Which additives should you avoid in paints and coatings for water storage tanks.
Lead, iron oxide, PCBs, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene.
202
Which substances in water can influence the rate of corrosion in a tank.
Carbon dioxide, sulfate reducing bacteria, and dissolved oxygen
203
When disinfecting a water storage tank by filling the tank with water with an effective chlorine concentration what is the desired chlorine residual.
3mg/L
204
What can cause a centrifugal pump to not deliver water.
Speed is too slow, suction lift is too high and rotation is in the wrong direction
205
What are the major causes of underground construction deaths.
Lack of shoring or shoring failure.
206
What is the main application of a gate valve in a water distribution system.
To isolate sections of a main to permit emergency repairs in the.
207
How is the outside of steel pipe usually protected if it is exposed above ground.
By paint
208
Why should a check valve be provided on the discharge side charge of each pump.
To prevent backflow
209
What problem can occur when air pockets form in pipelines.
It can increase resistance to the flow or complete stoppages of the water flow.
210
Where are reduced pressure devices installed in the water distribution system.
At services where dangerous materials are present or where backflow situation is likely
211
What type of water meter is best when water flow fluctuates widely.
Compound meter
212
What is the purpose of backflow prevention valves in a water distribution system.
To stop the flow of an unimproved and possibly contaminated supply into the domestic water system.
213
What safety precautions must be taken by operators during the installation of pipe.
Barricades should be put up around work area, all operators must wear gloves, hard hats, and steel toe boots, and easily visible construction signs, guards, lighting and flaggers.
214
How can air get into the water in a distribution system.
Through packing glands, pumps, and leaking joints.
215
Which types of Wastewater facilities are often subject to local and State Health Department guidelines on minimum separation distance from water main.
Sanitary sewer lines, cesspools, septic tanks, wastewater leach fields, and seepage pits.
216
What are some types of threats that can be kept out of a covered reservoir by covering vents, drains, and overflow outlets.
Small animals, snakes, and insects
217
Why must pipe protection be provided.
To control corrosion, to prevent leakage, rupture, and collapse of the pipe
218
What considerations are important when selecting pipe for a specific installation.
Cost of the installation and pipe, water pressures and external pressures the pipe needs to withstand, and corrosive conditions of the soil and water.
219
What could be the source of supply for a water distribution systems.
A well, treatment plant clear well, or purchased water connections.
220
What are some disadvantages of concrete pipe.
Concrete pipe is heavy, may be hard to tap, may deteriorate in aggressive soils and needs special fittings
221
What should be considered when selecting water pipe.
availability of spare parts, ability to meet required capacity with minimum head loss, durability, ability to accurately measure flow levels, and ease of repair
222
What are some topics typically included in shoring regulations.
Access to construction area, soil conditions/ trench location, sloping excavation walls, operator safety, and pedestrian safety
223
What are some limitations of a compound meter.
Large and cumbersome, expensive, accuracy drops during changeover, and head loss from friction in higher flows.
224
What are some strategic points in the distribution system water meters are located.
Pumping stations, connections to other Utility Systems, customer services points, and main supply lines.
225
What are some purposes of valves in a water distribution system
Prevent backflow, provide air release/ vacuum relief, reduce pressure, regulator flow, and and to blow off or drain water mains.
226
What are some examples of environmentally friendly landscaping.
Avoiding unnecessary water consumption, recycling trimmings, and limiting chemical use.
227
When performing electrical thawing a frozen water services what should you do.
You should clean the service pipe at the point where the thawing power is going to be connected because poor connection may cause arcing.
228
What is a vulnerability assessment of a water distribution system.
A determination of where the weaknesses are if the disaster being considered occurred.
229
Where should samples be drawn from for the best and truest evaluation of water quality.
Directly from the main especially design sampling station.
230
What is the best way to prevent backflow.
To permanently eliminate the hazard that causes it.
231
Why should vacuum relief valves, air release valves and blow offs be inspected after rains or floods.
To ensure they are not submerged and drainage waters.
232
How can you protect yourself from electric shock when working on a water meter in the field.
Install an electrical jumper around the meter.
233
What repair job is most often performed on a fire hydrants.
Replacing main valves
234
Why can electrical sign of frozen pipes be dangerous.
It can potentially damage household electrical wiring.
235
What factors must an operator consider when deciding the most suitable method of chlorination.
Training status of the operators who will disinfectant, availability of materials, and equipment and safety
236
What rules under federal and state regulations require water quality monitoring in water Distribution Systems.
Total Coliform Rule, Lead and Copper Rule, and Trihalomethane Rule
237
What are the primary responsibilities of a water utility during a disaster.
Provide water for firefighting, drinking, and sanitation, restore the integrity of the water system as soon as possible, and prevent the unnecessary loss of store water
238
What tasks are a part of pump inspection and preventive maintenance procedures
Observe and record pump pressures, provide grease and lubrication, check pump alignment, tighten packing glands, and regularly check for excessive noise & vibration, heat, and odor.
239
What routine operating procedures should be documented for distribution system.
Disinfecting, inspecting, monitoring, locating underground facilities, and repairing
240
What are some industries that use chemicals that may enter the public water distribution system through cross connection.
Agricultural, plating plants, dye plants, steam boiler plants, and cooling systems
241
What are some benefits that can result from a water audit.
Reduce legal liability, improved public relations, Financial Improvement, reduced water losses, and reduced property damage.
242
What can achieve the same results for disinfecting as chlorine gas.
Hypochlorite
243
Does water at higher temperatures require longer contact time for disinfecting.
No
244
What are two things that can be resistant to certain types of disinfecting.
Cysts and viruses
245
Does the US Environmental Protection Agency set federal drinking water regulations that all state and local agencies must enforce.
No
246
When a chlorine leak occurs what should be done with a ventilated air containing the chlorine.
The ventilated air should be routed to a treatment system
247
What is the term for the amount of chlorine added to water to disinfect it.
Chlorine dose
248
Why should every water utility agency have an ongoing chlorine safety training program for operators.
To introduce new operators to the program and update previously trained operators
249
What is the major limitation of using chloramine residuals for disinfection.
Chloramines are less effective as disinfectant than free chlorine residuals.
250
What problems will occur if the chlorine injection point is located on the intake side of a pump.
Corrosion problems
251
What is a hypochlorinator.
Equipment that feeds liquid chlorine solutions
252
How are chloramines produced.
Concurrent addition to chlorine and ammonia, preammoniation followed by chlorination, and prechlornation with postammoniation
253
What kinds of safety equipment required periodic hands-on training.
Atmospheric monitoring devices, chlorine Leak Detection equipment, and self contained breathing apparatus
254
Name some examples of inorganic reducing agents that, if present in water, will react with chlorine.
Ferrous ion, hydrogen sulfide, maganous ion, and nitrite ion
255
Which factors influence nitrification process in water.
Chloramine concentration, detention time in the reservoir, excess ammonia, and water temperature
256
What are some daily routine observation and preventive maintenance tasks should be performed in normal operation of a chlorinator.
Calculate the chlorine usage, check the chlorine residual, inspect artillery equipment, and record the rotameter reading and time.
257
What are some types of water-borne biological life-forms that may be pathogenic or disease-causing organisms.
Bacteria, internal parasites and viruses.
258
What should be checked when troubleshooting a hypochlorinator pump that is not operating.
Check for stoppages in the flow lines, check the circuit breaker, and check electrical connections
259
Name some parts of a chlorinator.
Check valve assembly, diaphragm assembly, interconnection manifold, rate valve, and the ejector
260
What type of training should each person whose actions affect temporary traffic control have.
Training appropriate to the job decisions each individual is required to make.
261
What is the purpose of the termination area in a temporary control zone.
To return road users to their normal path.
262
Where does a temporary traffic control zone extend from.
It extends from first warning sign or high-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobing lights on the vehicle to the last TTC device
263
And what situation may vertical panels be used in TTC zones to channelize vehicular traffic, divided imposing lanes, or place barricades
Where space is limited
264
What safety precaution should be observed to prevent acid from splashing when adding acid to water.
Acid should always be added slowly to water.
265
What is the purpose of flagging procedures.
To provide positive guidance to motorists driving through the work area.
266
What type of accident causes approximately 25% of all accidents according to Industrial accident reports
Slips and falls
267
What type of buffer space may be placed in advance of a workspace in a temporary traffic control zone.
Longitudinal
268
Why might a well casing and well require an acid treatment.
To loosen encrustations
269
How can speed of traffic be reduced in high-traffic, high Hazard areas.
Use a regulatory speed zoning, use flaggers in low speed areas only, used lane reduction, and use police presence.
270
What parts of a mechanical safety inspection is performed on vehicles and towing equipment before leaving a yard.
Mirrors/windows, lighting system, trailer hitch and tongue, tire tread/inflation, and brakes.
271
What is the total stopping distance.
Reaction distance + perception distance + braking distance
272
What parts on a moving pump require safety guards.
Rotating members, meshing gears, and reciprocating arms
273
What type of task do water distribution operators work in traffic.
Completing pipeline rehabilitation, making repairs, and performing inspections.
274
What items should be included on a safety inspection report form.
Ladders/stairs, material storage, fire hazard, housekeeping, and lighting
275
What are the spaces Within an activity area of TTC Zone.
Buffer space, traffic space, and workspace.
276
What are some common forms of stored energy in a water distribution system equipment.
Hydraulic pressure, energy stored in a spring, compressed gases, and electrical energy
277
What are some common dangerous gases an operator make encounter in a water supply system.
Methane, carbon monoxide, gasoline vapor, hydrogen sulfide, and chlorine
278
What purpose are boats commonly used for in the operation of water utility.
Sampling, surveying, and reservoir inspections
279
What is the purpose of a safety data sheet (SDS).
To provide comprehensive information about a substance or mixture for you in workplace chemical management.
280
What is the first step in organizing an effective public relations campaign
Establish objectives
281
Who is responsible for keeping contaminants out of the potable water system on the user's premises.
Water users
282
Under the basic functions of management what does organizing mean.
Organizing means the manager decides who does what work and delegates authority to the appropriate operator.
283
What does the operating ratio of a water distribution system agency measure.
Total revenues divided by the total operating expenses.
284
What is the goal of managing maintenance.
To minimize investments of labor, materials, money, and equipment.
285
What is human factors engineering.
The specialized study of Technology relating to the design of operator machine interfaces.
286
What types of potential emergencies should utilities plan for.
Civil disorder, employee strikes, vandalism, terrorist, and toxic spills
287
What federal regulations influence Personnel Administration.
Americans with Disabilities Act, Equal Employment Opportunity, and Family and Medical Leave Act.
288
What are some areas in a watershed that could be contaminated with high concentrations of Cryptosporidium oocysts.
Wastewater treatment plants, pastures with livestock, and cattle feedlots
289
What are the functions of water distribution system manager.
Organizing, planning, directing, controlling, and staffing.
290
What characterizes a distribution agency taking a corrective maintenance approach method.
Poor use of resources, inability to budget adequately, inability to plan, and high incidence of equipment in system failure.
291
Why are water storage facility inspections a part of preventive maintenance program.
To determine the structural conditions, identify any sanitary defects, to determine the need for cleaning, to identify water quality issues and to determine the effectiveness of the program.
292
What are the steps to return a tank with negative bacteriological results to service
Empty tank of chlorinated water, discharge chlorinated water to storm drainage, open Outlet valve, verify inlet valve is open for filling, and as needed remove interim method of water.
