STUDY UNIT 1

Question 1

WHAT IS A FALLACY?

Answer 1

a fallacy is an error in reasoning, often the error is not obvious.

Question 2

1. THE RELATIVIST FALLACY:

Answer 2

“it’s true for me” a statement said by people who see that they are losing an argument.

Question 3

2. THE GAMBLER FALLACY:

Answer 3

someone first considers the probability of event A happening over a period of time.

Question 4

3. THE APPEAL TO AUTHORITY:

Answer 4

believing in something because an authority on the subject tells us that it is true.

Question 5

4. THE POST-HOC FALLACY:

Answer 5

someone mistakenly concludes that, simply because one event happened after another event, the first event is, or is likely to be, the cause of the second.

Question 6

5. THE FALSE DILEMMA:

Answer 6

Either statement A or B. Not statement A, therefore statement B.

Question 7

6. AFFIRMING THE CONSEQUENT:

Answer 7

If A is true, then B must follow. B is true, therefore A.

Question 8

7. THE GENERIC FALLACY:

Answer 8

it is assumed that if one thing, B, has its origin from another thing, A, any properties possessed by A are also likely to be possessed by B.

Question 9

NATUARAL LAW:

Answer 9

das sollen.

Question 10

LEGAL POSITIVISM:

Answer 10

das sein.