Studying Cells

Question 1

Micro techniques

Answer 1

1.fixation
2. Dehydration
3. Clearing
4. Impregnation
5. Embedding
6 section cutting
7. Staining
8. Mounting
9. Hardening and sectioning of the tissue

Question 2

Hardening and sectioning of the tissue

Answer 2

1. Paraffin sectioning.
2. Frozen sections
3. Plastic sections

Question 3

Paraffin section method

Answer 3

1. Embed fixed tissue in melted (52-60) paraffin wax
   This makes the tissue hard enough to be cut into thin sections

Question 4

Disadvantages of paraffin section method

Answer 4

1. Dissolves cell lipids
2. Inactivates sensitive tissue enzymes
   Due to high temperature

Question 5

Frozen section method

Answer 5

Tissue is frozen in liquid nitrogen(-195°C)
Frozen sections are sectioned

Question 6

Advantages of frozen sections

Answer 6

Preserving enzymes and lipids

Question 7

Plastic sections method

Answer 7

Sample of cells are embedded in epoxy resin

Question 8

Automatic tissue processor

Answer 8

1. Dehydrations→ water molecules are removed from the tissue
2. Clearing → dehydrating agent is replaced by clearing agent
3. Impregnation → tissue is infiltered with a supporting medium

Question 9

General histological methods

Answer 9

1. Hematoxylin
2. Eosin (H&E)

Question 10

Hematoxylin stain which cells?
Basic dye

Answer 10

Basophilic cells (dna+rna)
Acidic cell components

Question 11

Eosin stains which cells?
Acidic dye

Answer 11

Stains basic cell components ( cytoplasm proteins like mitochondria )

Question 12

What are basophilic cells?

Answer 12

Acidic cell components that have an affinity for basic dyes

Question 13

What are acidophilic cells?

Answer 13

Basic cell components that havdyese an affinity for acidic dyes

Question 14

Specific histological methodstains

Answer 14

1. Orcein
2. Sudan black

Question 15

Orcein stains?

Answer 15

Elastic fibers

Question 16

Sudan black stains?

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

Histo chemical and cytochemical staining methods

Answer 17

1. Periodic acid-schieff reaction (pas)
2. Enzyme histochemical

Question 18

Periodic acid-schiff(pas) stains?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates
Glycogen

Question 19

Enzyme histo chemical methods stains?

Answer 19

Specific enzymes in cells and tissues

Question 20

Cells and tissue culture uses:.

Answer 20

1. Observation of living cells
   2.in vitro
2. Research on cells on function
3. Genetic or chromosomal analyses