Stuff Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
How many copies do chromosomes in the body have?
2
What does each chromosome carry?
A large number of genes
What do chromosomes contain?
Genetic information
What does the nucleus’s contain?
Genetic material in the form of chromosomes
What is mitosis?
When the cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells
What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for?
To grow and develop or replace damaged cells
What happens in mitosis? (Process)
Chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell, cell fibres pull them apart, membranes form around each set and become the nuclei of 2 new cells, cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
What does cell differentiation mean?
When a cell changes to become specialised for its job
How is DNA replicated?
DNA is spread out in long strings, cell grows and increases amount of sub cellular structures (mitochondria and ribosomes)
What is different between animal and plant differentiation?
Lost at early stages in animals, plants don’t ever lose the ability
How are sperm cells specialised for reproduction?
Long tail and streamlined head to help swim for the egg, lots of mitochondria for energy needed, carries enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane
Where are stem cells found
Early human embryos, adult bone marrow
What can stem cells do?
Divide to produce more undifferentiated cells, differentiate
What can adult stem cells turn into?
Blood cells
