stuff Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is a bottleneck theory?
a theory that addresses how we filter through all the information in our sensory store
What does Broadbent’s filter model state?
-It is a filter model that states that we can only accept information from one source at a time
What is the the experiment that supports broadbent’s bottleneck theory?
What is a bottleneck theories?
A theory of how we sort through information in our sensory store
WHat test influenced Broadbent’s theory of attention?
Participants would hear two different number in each ear. When the pair was seperated by half a second, the subjects reported the numbers in order of one ear and then the other, instead of consecutive order. Supports mental effort is needed in order to change channels.
what is a filter model?
states a bottleneck occurs at the pattern recognition stage, and attention determines what information reaches the pattern recogntion phase
What does Treismann’s model of attention state?
Distingusing characteristics of inputs influences which one is attended to based on if the input hit a threshold or not, and the other channels are attentuated (decrease in intensity)
What does Treismann’s model of attention state?
Distingusing characteristics of inputs
What is the limited-capacity perceptual channel and which attention model does it belong to?
-It is the pattern recogntion stage in Broadbent’s model, which is protected by the filter/attention from overload
What two experiments support Triesman’s model?
- Moray, 1959: subject hear own name preferentially no matter the channel
- treisman, 1960: contextual effects of shadowing words causes inappropriate switches in channel
What does the Deutch-Norman memory selection model state?
remembered and recalled pattern is based on which input is selected for memory
What is a capacity theory?
The amount of mental effort it takes to preform a task limits its ability to be done
What is Kahneman’s capacity model?
The amount of work it takes to do task influences recall time
What two qualities affect which task is attented to in Kahneman’s model?
- Enduring disposition: the automatic influence to which ppl will direct their attention
- momentary intention: the conscious decsion to allocate attention to some tasks.
What is the Johnston and Heinz multimode theory?
Both capacity and bottleneck models are correct. Ppls intentions and demand of task determines which information is allowed to go to the next state. Location of bottleneck was under voluntary control
What did the Folk, Remington, and Johnston, 1992 test show about involuntary vs. voluntary attention?
Involuntary attention can be influenced by the state of voluntary attention.
-test: particpants hit the highlighted button faster if a random cue happened to play there before it was selected
- involuntary attention to the cue depended on the voluntary attention specfic to a target
What does George Sperling’s experiment show?
- He is the one who did the grid of letters and the tone test
- Shows that sensory memory is much greater in capacity than STM, but doesn’t have conscious access and is very short lived
What two parts is cognition memory made out of in Mandler 1980?
1) judgment of familiarity
2) ability to retrieve context
What is a processing theory?
Recall from LTM requires different memories to be processed differently
What is the overconfidence barrier, inattentional blindness, and selective perception when it comes to LTM?
- Overconfidence= we have too much confidence in our judgment of LTM material
- inattentional blindness= if it was payed attention to, it will not be in our LTM
- selective perception= pre-existing cognitive structures cause perception to meet expectations
