stuff

Question 1

Crohns vs UC histopathology

Answer 1

Crohns- deep ulcers, increased Goblet cells, Granulomas, lymphocytes, full thickness/ transmural

UC - ulcers, pseudopolyps, decreased goblet cells, neutrophils, crypt abscesses, mucosa and submucosa only

Question 2

UC acute mild/moderate
- definition
- tx

Answer 2

<6 stools/day (mild = <4)
systemically fine

1. topical PR aminosalicylate (mesalazine, sulfasalazine)
2. PR + PO aminosalicyclate
3. PO aminosalicyclate and PO corticosteroid

Question 3

UC acute severe
- definition
- tx

Answer 3

> 6 stools/day
systemically upset (inflam markers, anaemia, HR, Temp)

1. IV steroids (admit!)
2. IV ciclosporin

Question 4

crohns/ UC barium enema

Answer 4

crohns: kantors string

UC: lead pipe

Question 5

extensive UC acute tx

Answer 5

1. PO +PR aminosalicyate (mesalazine, sulfasalazine)
2. PO aminosalicylate + PO corticosteroid

Question 6

UC mild/moderate maintenance

Answer 6

topical / oral (depending how extensive) aminosalicylate (mesalazine, sulfasalazine)

daily/intermittent

Question 7

UC severe / 2+ relapses this year maintenance

Answer 7

PO azathioprine

Question 8

crohns acute tx

Answer 8

1. glucocorticoids
2. aminosalicylate (sulfasalazine)
3. • azathioprine / mercatopurine
4. infliximab

Question 9

crohns maintenance tx

Answer 9

stop smoking
1. azathioprine / mercatopurine
2. surgery

Question 10

adrenaline for cardiac arrest vs anaphylaxis

Answer 10

arrest - 1mg (every 3-5 mins for both shockable and non. shockable given after third shock, non right away)

anaphylaxis 0.5mg (adult, child 6-12y= 0.3, <6=0.15)

Question 11

TB tx
- active
-latent
-meningeal

Answer 11

active
2m - rifampicin, isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
4m- rifampicin, isoniazid

latent
3m rifampicin + isoniazid(+pyridoxine)
OR 6m isoniazid(+pyridoxine)

meningeal
12m minimum abx+ steroids

Question 12

rifampicin s/e

Answer 12

hepatitis
enzyme inducer
orange secretions
flu-like

Question 13

isoniazid s/e

Answer 13

hepatitis
enzyme inhibitor
peripheral neurtopathy
agranulocytosis

Question 14

pyrazinamide s/e

Answer 14

hepatitis
gout , hyperuricaemia
myalgia
arthralgia

Question 15

ethambutol s/e

Answer 15

optic neuritis

Question 16

vestibular nausea

Answer 16

cyclizine (antihist)

Question 17

post op nausea

Answer 17

ondansetron (5HT3)

Question 18

increased ICP nausea

Answer 18

cyclizine (antihist)
+ dexamethasone

Question 19

gastric stasis nausea

Answer 19

metoclopramide (dopamine antagonist)

Question 20

opioids /hypercalcaemia / renal impairement nausea

Answer 20

haloperidol (Antipsych)

Question 21

chemo/radiotherapy nausea

Answer 21

ondansetron (5HT3)

Question 22

drugs that increase BP

Answer 22

midodrine
fludrocortisone

Question 23

tramadol or coedine –> morphine

Answer 23

divide by 10

Question 24

morphine po –> SC

Answer 24

divide by 2

Question 25

morphine to oxycodone

Answer 25

divide by 1.5 to 2

Question 26

sensitivity

Answer 26

true positive over disease positive a/a+c

Question 27

specificity

Answer 27

true negative over disease negative d/b+d

Question 28

PPV

Answer 28

true positive over test positive a/a+b

Question 29

NPV

Answer 29

true negative over test negative d/c+d

Question 30

nnt

Answer 30

how many people treated to impact one person

Question 31

adhd med

Answer 31

- 1) methylphenidate - 2) Lisdexamphetamine - 3) dexamphetamine

Question 32

trial phases (0-4)

Answer 32

- 0) animal/ preclinical - 1) safe? Dose? S/e? - 2) effective? - 3) better than alternative? - 4) additional info, efficacy confirmed

Question 33

sulfasalazine cross sensitivity allergy with what

Answer 33

aspirin

Question 34

penicillin cross sensitivitiy allergy with what

Answer 34

cephalosporin

Question 35

coeliac biopsy histopathology

Answer 35

crypt hyperplasia villous atrophy lymphocytes

Question 36

legally binding decision for no recussitation

Answer 36

"advance decision to refuse treatment" (DNACPR/RESPECT not LEGALLY binding)