Stuff

Question 1

What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Phosphate group, sugar group, one of four nitrogen bases

The four nitrogen bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).

Question 2

Which nitrogen base does adenine (A) pair with?

Answer 2

Thymine (T)

Question 3

Which nitrogen base does cytosine (C) pair with?

Answer 3

Guanine (G)

Question 4

What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?

Answer 4

To act as the primary carrier of genetic information

Question 5

What is CRISPR?

Answer 5

A family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms used to detect and destroy DNA from bacteriophages

Question 6

What is the significance of CRISPR in genetic research?

Answer 6

Makes studies cheaper, faster, and more reliable

Question 7

Define a chromosome.

Answer 7

A structure composed of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of cells

Question 8

What are the two main types of chromosomes?

Answer 8

• Autosomes
• Sex chromosomes

Question 9

What are genes?

Answer 9

Fundamental units that carry information passed from parents to offspring

Question 10

What is DNA replication?

Answer 10

The process of making a copy of DNA before cell division

Question 11

What enzyme unzips double-stranded DNA during replication?

Answer 11

Helicase

Question 12

What are somatic cells?

Answer 12

All body cells except for sperm and egg

Question 13

What are gametes?

Answer 13

Sex cells (sperm in males, eggs in females)

Question 14

What is the diploid state of somatic cells?

Answer 14

Two sets of chromosomes

Question 15

What is the haploid state of gametes?

Answer 15

One set of chromosomes

Question 16

What occurs during prophase in cell division?

Answer 16

Chromosomes condense into X-shaped structures

Question 17

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 17

Centrioles pull the chromosomes apart

Question 18

What is meiosis?

Answer 18

The process that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell before reproduction

Question 19

How many rounds of cell division does meiosis consist of?

Answer 19

Two rounds: Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Question 20

What is independent assortment?

Answer 20

Chromosomes align randomly at the metaphase plate during meiosis

Question 21

Define asexual reproduction.

Answer 21

A type of reproduction where one parent produces genetically identical offspring

Question 22

What happens during prophase I of meiosis?

Answer 22

Chromosomes condense and crossing-over occurs

Question 23

What is a research question’s purpose?

Answer 23

To provide clear direction and focus for an investigation

Question 24

What are the key components to graph when plotting heart rate data?

Answer 24

• Independent Variable (X-axis)
• Dependent Variable (Y-axis)

Question 25

What is a pedigree chart?

Answer 25

A record of the family of an individual

Question 26

What does it mean if a person has a dot in the middle of a pedigree chart?

Answer 26

They are a carrier for a disease

Question 27

What are the smallest units of a DNA molecule?

Answer 27

DNA nucleotides

Question 28

What are complementary base pairs?

Answer 28

DNA nucleotides that match each other (A-T, G-C)

Question 29

What type of bond exists between complementary bases in DNA?

Answer 29

Hydrogen bonds

Question 30

What type of bond exists between the phosphate and sugar in DNA?

Answer 30

Covalent bonds

Question 31

Define heterozygous.

Answer 31

Having two different alleles

Question 32

Define homozygous.

Answer 32

Having two identical alleles