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C2 - Chemistry > Sturcture And Properties > Flashcards

Sturcture And Properties Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Bonding in thermosoftening polymers?

A

Chains with weak intermolecular forces

That are adult broken when heated

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2
Q

Why would anything in terms of ions conduct electricityV

A

Ions can carry charge
Or
Ions can travel

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3
Q

Why dosent diamond conduct electricity?

A

No delocalised electrons

All the electrons are used in bonding

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4
Q

Why is diamond hard?

A

Giant lattice
Of covalent bonds
These bonds are strong (so a lot of energy is needed to break them)
Carbon atoms form four bonds

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5
Q

Why can baño particles pass through the skin and travel round the body easily than normal particles?

A

Smaller so can easily pass through the sin

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6
Q

Why do simple molecules evaporate easily?

A

Weak intermolecular forces

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7
Q

Why do things have low boiling points?

A

Weak intermolecular forces

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8
Q

Why is diamond hard?

A

Giant structure of strong covalent bonds

They form four bonds

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9
Q

Why is graphite a good conductor of electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons which can travel through the structure
As each carbon is joined to three other carbon atoms, meaning one free electron for each atom

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10
Q

What can electrons in metals do?

A

Carry charge

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11
Q

Why are carbon nanotubes used as lubricants?

A

No covalent bonds between the nanotubes

So the nanotubes can slide over eachother

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12
Q

How can you check the reliability of results?

A

Repeat the experiment
Compare the results to other of the same kind
Results compared with another method

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13
Q

Why is a high temperature needed to melt eh potassium iodide?

A

Strong electrostatic force of attraction between jobs
Strong bonds
Giant structure

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14
Q

Explain why graphite can conduct electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons can move through the graphite

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15
Q

Why is carbon dioxide a gas even at low temperatures?

A

Simple molecules
The intermolecular forces are weak
So only a small amount of energy needed to overcome

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16
Q

Causes of an anomalous result?

A

Error in measuring
Timing error
Plotting error
Has escaped

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17
Q

Why are alloys hard?

A

Atoms or ions
Are different sizes
So layers are distorted
Particles don’t slide over eachother

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18
Q

Why can nanoparticles be used in skin creams?

A

Very small

So can easily pass through pores

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19
Q

Why are negative ions attracted to the positive electrode in electrolysis?

A

Opposites attract

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20
Q

Ionic compounds consist of what?

A

Giant structure of ions arranged in a lattice

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21
Q

Why is a lot of energy needed to break up a giant ionic lattice?

A

Lots of strong ionic bonds
To separate the ions we have overcome the electrostatic force of attraction
This means that ionic compounds have high mp and boiling p

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22
Q

Why can ionic compounds carry electrical charged when molten?

A

The ions have been separate from the lattice
And are free to move anywhere in this liquid
So they can carry electrical charge through the liquid

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23
Q

Why can a solid ionic compound not conduct electricity?

A

Ions are held in a fixed position in the lattice
And they can’t move
They only vibrate on the spot

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24
Q

Why can an ionic compound dissolved in water conduct electricity?

A

The lattice is split up by water molecules
Then the ions are free to move around in the solution formed
Then it does conduct electricity

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25
Properties of simple molecules?
Strong covalent bonds Weak intermolecular forces Liquid or gas at room temperature
26
Why can a simple molecule not conduct electricity?
There is no overall chTge | So their molecules can't carry electrical charge
27
Another name for giant covalent structures?
Macromolecules
28
What shape does graphite form when bonded to carbon?
Hexagons arranged in giant layers
29
Why is graphite slippery?
No covalent bonds between the layers | So the layers can slid over each other easily
30
What are fullerenes?
Large carbon molecules containing cage like structures
31
Why can metals be hammered, bent and drawn into wires?
This is due to the layers of atoms in a pure metal are able to slide easily over eachother
32
How are atoms in a pure metal held together?
In giant metallic structures, with atoms in closely packed layers
33
Why can pure metals such as iron soft and easily shaped?
Regular arrangement means the atoms can slide over one another
34
Why are alloys harder than pure metals?
Different sized atoms in an alloy Making it more difficult for the layers to slide over eachother So the alloys are harder the pure metals
35
Why can a metal be distorted?
But they can also move through the whole of the giant lattice Meaning they can move and hold the metal ions together at the same time so they can be distorted
36
Why does a metal change shape when struck?
The metal atoms can slip past one another without breaking up the metals structure
37
How are positive ions held in a metal?
By a sea of delocalised electrons | The negative charge between the positively charged ions hold ions in position
38
Why are metals good conductors of heat and electricity?
Because the delocalised electrons can flow through the giant metallic lattice The electrical current and heat are quickly transferred by free electrons
39
What are shape memory alloys?
Alloys that return to their original shape when heated
40
How can shape memory alloys be used?
Health care Doctors treating broken bones Braces
41
What do the properties of a polymer depend on?
The monomers used to make them | The conditions chosen to carry out the reaction
42
What are thermosoftening polymers?
Polymers that soften easily and rest when they cool down
43
What are thermosetting polymers?
Polymers that don't melt when heated
44
Describe the chains in thermosetting polymers?
Chains fixed together by strong covalent bonds in a cross link
45
Describe the chains in a thermosetting polymer?
Tangled web of polymer chains that are relatively easily separated
46
How are all plastics held together?
Very strong covalent bonds
47
What varied between polymer molecules?
The size of the force between them
48
Why do thermosoftening polymers become soft easily?
There are weak intermolecular forces between polymer chains | They are easily broken when heated
49
Why can thermosoftening polymers be re moulded?
When the polymer cools down the intermolecular forces bring the polymer molecules back together The polymer than hardens again and can be re moulded
50
Why don't thermosetting polymers soften when heated?
Their monomers make COVALENT bonds which are strong | the COVALENT cross links between chains do not allow them to separate
51
What is the risk of using nanoparticles for catalysts?
If a spark is made by accident a violent explosion may be caused
52
Why are nano particles very effective as catalysts?
They have a large surface area
53
Size of nanoparticles?
Between 1 and 100 nanometers in size
54
Used of nanoparticles?
``` Cosmetics (absorbed deeper into skin) Sun screen (more effective at blocking sun's rays) ```
55
What can fullerenes be used for?
Lubricants Delivering drugs in the body Catalysts
56
What does conduction depend on?
Ability of electrons to move throughout the metal
57
What is unique about shape memory alloys?
Can move back to their original position when deformed
58
Features of low density polyethene?
Weaker forces of attraction as the chains further apart Low melting point Soft
59
Features of high density polyethene?
Stronger forces of attraction as chains closer together | Higher melting point
60
Describe thermosoftening polymers?
Made of individual tangled polymer chains - easily separated Weak intermolecular forces between chains Chains easy to separate At lower temperatures Less heat needed to break chains
61
Why are nanoparticles good catalysts?
Make good catalysts as have high surface area to volume ratio
62
How can nanoparticles be used for electrical circuits?
They conduct electricity so can be used in small electrical circuits for computers
63
Why can we hammer and bend metals?
The layers of atoms in a pure metal are able to slide easily over eachother
64
What happens when a metal is struck? And why?
They can move around and hold the metal ions together at the same time So the lattice can distort The metal atoms can slip past eachother without breaking the metal structure
65
Describe how a doctor could use a shape memory alloy?
A broken bone can use alloys to hold the bones in place while they heal They cool the alloy before it is wrapped around broken bone When it heats up again the alloy goes back to its original shape This pulls bones together and holds them while they heal
66
Why would a giant covalent structure be suitable for lining furnaces?
High melting point Because lots of energy needed to break the strong covalent bonds It is a giant structure
67
What does the high temperature provide for an ionic compound?
Makes it molten | Enough temperature to overcome the many strong attractive forces between ions
68
What does solution provide for an ionic compound?
Water molecules separate ions from the lattice
69
Why can a metal lattic distort?
Electrons can move through the giant lattice They can move and hold the metal ions in place Delocalised electrons enable the lattice to distorting ions can slip past one another without breaking up the structure

C2 - Chemistry (5 decks)

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