Stuttering

Question 1

stammered speech is a ? of speech rather than an impairment

Answer 1

variation

Question 2

stuttering definition

Answer 2

involuntary blocks in speech, repetitions, prolongations, a feeling of loss of control, avoidance, and facial/body movements

Question 3

what factors affect stuttering onset

Answer 3

• genetics
• neurology
• physiology
• environmental factors
• individual temperament

Question 4

hallmarks of stuttering

Answer 4

• variability
• feeling of loss of control

Question 5

covert stuttering definition

Answer 5

when PWS obscures a stutter by avoiding words, situations, and conversations

Question 6

covert stuttering symptoms

Answer 6

• shame
• guilt
• painful headaches
• stomach ulcers

Question 7

acquired stuttering definition

Answer 7

stuttering acquired from neurological conditions (ex: stroke, TBI)

Question 8

most common cause of acquired stuttering

Answer 8

brain lesions

Question 9

neurogenic stuttering definition

Answer 9

stuttering caused or exacerbated by neurological disease/damage

Question 10

what is developmental stuttering commonly mistaken for

Answer 10

neurogenic stuttering

Question 11

people with neurogenic stuttering typically present with

Answer 11

• aphasia
• dysarthria
• word-finding difficulties

Question 12

psychogenic stuttering definition

Answer 12

late onset involuntary dysfluency following a psychological problem/emotional trauma

Question 13

cluttering definition

Answer 13

fluency disorder characterized by overly rapid, slow, or jerky speech patterns that compromise intelligibility and poor self-monitoring

Question 14

is cluttering a motor speech disorder or language disorder

Answer 14

not sure

Question 15

4 key characteristics of cluttering

Answer 15

• rapid/irregular articulatory rate
• reduced intelligibility
• frequency/type of dysfluencies
• indistinct/abbreviation of articulation

Question 16

cluttering rapid and/or irregular speech rate must accompanied by one or more of:

Answer 16

• excessive collapsing or deletion of syllables
• excessive normal dysfluencies
• abnormal pauses, syllable stress, or speech rhythm

Question 17

temperament definition

Answer 17

congenital and stable construct that does not change throughout life

Question 18

personality definition

Answer 18

result of interaction between stable temperament and environmental influences

Question 19

awareness of stuttering was observed in ?% of children

Answer 19

56.7%

Question 20

impact of adolescent stuttering

Answer 20

• negative attitudes
• apprehension towards communication
• lowered communication competency
• percieved communication difficulties

Question 21

CWS advantages

Answer 21

expressive language skills average or above average

Question 22

CWRS advantages

Answer 22

• higher articulation scores
• higher non-word repetition abilities

Question 23

atypical timing of sensorimotor network interaction is associated with ?

Answer 23

developmental stuttering origin

Question 24

why is stutter onset typically between 2-5 years old

Answer 24

increased linguistic input and demand

Question 25

anatomical difference hypothesis

Answer 25

antomical increases in right hemisphere speech-related areas AWS may be due to compensatory mechanisms

Question 26

importance of anatomical difference hypothesis

Answer 26

atypical neural functioning present in CWS near onset with changes in right hemispheres over activations and cortical activity lateralized to left hemisphere

Question 27

anatomical differences between AWS and AWNS

Answer 27

- hypoactivity in language processing areas - hyperactivity in motor function areas - secondary auditory areas that should be activated during speech production are not - white matter integrity differences - bigger corpus callosum - connectivity differences between auditory and speech motor areas)

Question 28

diagnostic theory theorist

Answer 28

Wendell Johnson

Question 29

diagnostic theory

Answer 29

- parents overreact and mislabel normal non-fluency as stuttering - “Stuttering is created in the ear of the listener”

Question 30

cerebral dominance theory of stuttering theory

Answer 30

Orton and Travis

Question 31

cerebral dominance theory of stuttering

Answer 31

- the nervous system of PWS not matured enough for left hemisphere dominance (lack of dominant hemisphere) - research focused on investigating the handedness of PWS

Question 32

covert repair hypothesis theorist

Answer 32

Kolk and Postman

Question 33

covert repair hypothesis

Answer 33

when detecting errors in our planned speech, there are breaks in phonetic sequence and fluency

Question 34

demands and capacities model theorist

Answer 34

Starkweather

Question 35

demands and capacities model

Answer 35

when speech demands exceed the speaker’s capacities, fluency breaks down

Question 36

(t/f) planum temporale symmetry is unrelated to stuttering severity

Answer 36

true

Question 37

is there a difference in corpus callosum size in AWS

Answer 37

yes, increased

Question 38

in there a difference in corpus callosum size in CWS, CWNS, and those that recover

Answer 38

no

Question 39

is rhyme effect over both cerebral hemispheres seen in CWS or CWNS

Answer 39

- CWNS - missing in CWS

Question 40

theories

Answer 40

- diagnostic theory - cerebral dominance theory of stuttering - covert repair hypothesis - demands and capacities model

Question 41

diagnostic theory founder

Answer 41

Wendell Johnson

Question 42

diagnostic theory

Answer 42

- parents overreact and mislabel normal non-fluency as stuttering - "stuttering is created in the ear of the listener"

Question 43

cerebral dominance theory of stuttering founder

Answer 43

orton and travis

Question 44

cerebral dominance theory of stuttering

Answer 44

- the nervous system of PWS not matured enough - lack of dominant hemisphere - research focused on investigating the handedness of PWS

Question 45

covert repair hypothesis founder

Answer 45

kolk and postma

Question 46

covert repair hypothesis

Answer 46

- detecting errors in planned speech interrupts phonetic sequence - fluency breaks occur

Question 47

demands and capacities model founder

Answer 47

starkweather

Question 48

demands and capacities model

Answer 48

when speech demands exceed the speaker's capacities, fluency breaks down

Question 49

is planum temporale related or unrelated to stuttering severity

Answer 49

unrelated