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HFS103 - Psychology for Human Factors > SU7 - Perception > Flashcards

SU7 - Perception Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

The clear front part of the eye that helps focus light is?

A

Cornea

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2
Q

Which colored part of the eye controls how much light enters?

A

Iris

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3
Q

Which part of the eye is a clear, flexible part that focuses light into retina?

A

Lens

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4
Q

Which part of the eye is at the back part and turns light into signal for the brain?

A

Retina

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5
Q

____ is the tiny spot in retina that helps us see details clearly.

A

Fovea

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6
Q

Which part of the eye sends signal to the brain?

A

Optic Nerve

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7
Q

What does photoreceptors convert?

A

Convert light energy to neural impulse.

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8
Q

Rods are sensitive to ____ but not ____.

A

Dim light; Colours

Found in periphery

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9
Q

Cones are sensitive to ____ but not ____.

A

Colours; Dim Lights.

Found in Fovea

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10
Q

Light of varying wavelength is also called ____.

A

Colour

Red longest, Violet Shortest. Red-Green-Blue-Violet.

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11
Q

Colour of light by wavelength is used to describe ____.

A

Hue

Longer wavelength = less energy

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12
Q

Explain Dark Adaptation.

A
  • Process of adjusting to low lighting.
  • Pick up low intensity light.
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13
Q

Cones adapts fast/slow and Rods adapts fast/slow in Dark Adaptation.

A
  • Fast (10mins)
  • Slow (30-45mins)
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14
Q

What is Sensory Adaptation?

A

Senses stop noticing a constant stimulus over time.

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15
Q

Positive Adaptation becomes ____ sensitive to stimulus.

A

More.

Dark Adaptation

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16
Q

Negative Adaptation becomes ____ sensitive to constant stimulus.

A

Less

Stops noticing strong perfume over time.

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17
Q

Explain the Trichromatic Theory of seeing colours.

A
  • There are 3 cones.
  • Red, Green and Blue.
  • One cone bad = colour blind.
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18
Q

Explain the Opponent-Process Theory of seeing colours.

A
  • We see colours in pairs.
  • See one colour, the other is blocked.
  • Explains why we see afterimages.
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19
Q

Sound is ____ caused by ____ and ____ air.

A
  • Vibration waves
  • Compressed
  • Expanded
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20
Q

Define Pitch.

A

Frequency of sound wave.

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21
Q

What does Amplitude relates to Sound?

A

Amplitude = Loudness

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22
Q

Sound caused ____ to vibrate.

23
Q

____, ____ and ____ transmit vibrations.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Hammer
  • Anvil
  • Stirrup
24
Q

____ receives and focuses vibrations to basilar membranes.

25
What does Basilar Membrane do?
Converts vibrations to neural messages and sends them to brain.
26
Describe Place Theory in Sensing Pitch.
Different pitch triggers different places on basilar membrane. ## Footnote Above 1000Hz
27
Describe Frequency Theory in Sensing Pitch.
Different pitch triggers different firing rates from neurons on basilar membrane. ## Footnote Above 5000Hz
28
What you need to sense 1000 to 5000Hz?
Both place and frequency.
29
The distinctiveness of different sounds is also known as ____.
Timbre ## Footnote Guitar vs Piano
30
What does Perception mean?
Bringing meaning to sensation.
31
Which processing uses prior knowledge, expectations and experience?
Top Down Processing. ## Footnote Starts with big picture then break it down.
32
Which processing uses basic sensory information and build up to complex understanding?
Bottom Up Processing. ## Footnote Starts with details and build up to big picture.
33
What is used to describe when an object remains constant under different conditions?
Perceptual Constancy. ## Footnote Colour, Size, Shape Constancy
34
When someone finds it difficult to spot differences between perceived image and a similar mental image stored in the memory, he is likely expericing ____.
Change Blindness.
35
Change Blindness: Missing a ____. Inattentional Blindness: Missing a ____.
* Change * Object
36
Gestalt Psychology believes that we perceive things as ____, rather than just the ____.
* A Whole * Individual Parts
37
Describe Law of Proximity.
Group objects that are close together.
38
Describe Law of Continuity.
See smooth, continous patterns than disjointed ones.
39
Describe Law of Common Fate.
Group objects that move same direction/motion.
40
Describe Law of Similarity.
Group objects that look similar.
41
Describe Law of Simplicity.
Perceive simpler patterns than complex ones. ## Footnote Circles tather than olympic logo.
42
The tendency to see items in foreground (figure) and the rest as background is call ____.
Figure Ground.
43
The tendency to fill gaps and figures to perceive incomplete images as complete is ____.
Law of Closure.
44
In Learning Based Inference, we perceive and look for things based on ____. ## Footnote 3 Points
* Context and Expectations * Perceptual Set * Cultural Influences
45
Name 2 cues of Depth Perception.
Binocular Cue (both eyes) Monocular Cue (one eye)
46
When the item seems closer to you as your eyes move inwards, it is called ____.
Convergence.
47
When each eye sees different images and the brain combines to form depth, it is called ____.
Retinal Disparity.
48
Describe Size in Monocular Cue.
Size = Distance
49
Describe Linear Perspective in Monocular Cue.
Parallel lines come together as they get further away. / \
50
Describe Interposition in Monocular Cue.
The object blocked is further than the one blocking.
51
Describe Light & Shadow in Monocular Cue.
Shadow position = how far
52
Describe Relative Motion in Monocular Cue.
Things closer to us move faster. ## Footnote Trees vs Mountain when driving.
53
Describe Atmospheric Perspective in Monocular Cue.
Far objects appear hazier or lighter.

HFS103 - Psychology for Human Factors (7 decks)

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