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Flashcards in Subatomic Particles Deck (12)
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1
Q

Protons

A
  • positive charge
  • mass around 1amu
  • found in the nucleus
  • charge - the fundamental unit of charge (1.6 x 10-19 C)
  • denoted as +1e or +1
  • The atomic # (Z) is equal to the number of protons found in an atom of that element
2
Q

Neutrons

A
  • Has no charge
  • mass around 1amu
  • neutron mass + proton mass = almost entire mass of an atom
3
Q

Atomic Number

A
  • number of protons in a given element
4
Q

Atomic Mass

A
  • essentially equal to the sum of an elements protons and neutrons
  • nearly equal to the mass number
5
Q

Atomic Weight

A
  • weighted average of the naturally occuring isotopes of an element
  • periodic table lists atomic weights, not atomic masses
6
Q

Isotopes

A
  • atoms of a given element (same atomic number) that have different mass numbers.
  • They differ in the number of neutrons
  • identified by the element followed by the mass number
  • (ie: carbon-12, carbon-13, carbon-14)
7
Q

Name the 3 isotopes of Hydrogen

A
  1. Protium 11H
  2. Deuterium 21H
  3. Tritium 31H
8
Q

Electrons

A
  • has a negative charge
  • has a negligible mass
  • surround the nucleus at varying distances and are associated with varying levels of electrical potential energy
  • electrons closer to the nucleus are at lower energy levels
  • electrons farthest from nucleus have the strongest interaction with the surrounding environment and weakest interactions with the nucleus
  • has a charge equal in magnitude of a proton but with opposite charge
  • -1e or -e
9
Q

Valence Electrons

A
  • electrons furthest from nucleus
  • more likely to be involved in bonds with other atoms because they experience the least electrostatic pull from their nucleus
  • determine reactivity of an atom
10
Q

Cation

A
  • A positively charged atom
11
Q

Anion

A
  • A negatively charged atom
12
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A
  • 6.02 x 1023