Submission of the Scots, Strathclyde, Raegnald and Bernicia

Question 1

What did the kingdoms supposedly all do?

Answer 1

‘chose Edward as their father and lord’
Ambiguity over if this was a simple submission or more of a summit meeting between leaders
on balance more likely it was a summit

Question 2

Evidence that it was a straightforward submission/acceptance of overlordship?

Answer 2

• Edward by this point was the most powerful king in Britain, with control over all of England south of the Humber + the Welsh submitted to his rule
• Each of the rulers would have had something to gain
• in 920 Edward had taken occupation of Manchester, and constructed fortresses at Bakewell and Nottingham = potetnially similar strategy as the process he used with burghal constructions in defeating the Danes

Question 3

Evidence that it was a summit meeting between leaders?

Answer 3

• basic submission seems too simple given the context - Ie. Edward not in a position to dictate terms to these figures - seems more likely it was a meeting to stabilise the north - all the kings would have stood to benefit from clarifying their respective positions
• wording of ‘chose’ implies it was their own decision to be there
• Meetings of kings were fairly frequent during the later Anglo-Saxon period
• Whole event is only mentioned in ASC (propaganda for Edward’s achievements)

Question 4

Which leaders were at the meeting?

Answer 4

• Constantine of Scotland
• Raegnald of York
• Ealdred of Bernicia
• Ywain of Strathclyde