Substance Abuse- Drugs and Their Effects

Question 1

Benzo effects

Answer 1

Decreased BP
Memory impairment
Drowsiness
Confusion
Anterograde amnesia
GI effects
Urinary retention
Slurred speech
Poor coordination
Bloodshot eyes
Respiratory depression

Question 2

Benzo withdrawal effects

Answer 2

Anxiety
Insomnia
Restlessness
Muscle tension
Irritability
Blurred vision
Diaphoresis
Nightmares
Depression
Paranoia
Hallucinations
Seizures
Psychosis

Question 3

Benzo OD treatment

Answer 3

Flumazenil 0.2mg/min, up to 3mg max

Question 4

Benzo withdrawal treatment

Answer 4

Taper dose depending on dose and duration

Question 5

Barbiturate effects

Answer 5

Similar to benzos

Disinhibition
Mood lability
Unsteady gait
Slurred speech
Nystagmus
Amnesia
Poor judgment

Question 6

Barbiturate withdrawal effects

Answer 6

Anxiety
N/V
Postural hypotension
Seizures
Delirium
Insomnia
Hyperpyrexia

Question 7

Barbiturate OD treatment

Answer 7

Supportive care

Question 8

Barbiturate withdrawal treatment

Answer 8

Taper, change to a longer acting barb and taper, sub anticonvulsant

Question 9

GHB effects

Answer 9

Amnesia
Hypotonia
Coma
Seizures
Respiratory depression
Vomiting

Question 10

GHB withdrawal effects

Answer 10

Agitation
Mental status changes
Elevated BP, HR
Tachycardia

Question 11

GHB OD treatment

Answer 11

Supportive care, ventilation, oxygen, intubation, fluids, thiamine

Question 12

DXM effects

Answer 12

Heightened sense of perceptual awareness
Altered time perception
Visual hallucinations
Hyperexcitability
Lethargy
Ataxia
Slurred speech
Sweating
HTN
Nystagmus

Question 13

DXM abuse effects

Answer 13

death, brain damage, seizure, loss of consciousness, irregular heartbeat

Question 14

Cocaine effects

Answer 14

Euphoria, elation, grandiosity
Loquacity
Alertness
Mydriasis
Change in BP, tachycardia
Sweat/chills
N/V
Decreased fatigue
Paranoia
Aggression
Motor agitation

Question 15

Cocaine toxicity effects

Answer 15

cardiac arrest, MI, stroke, arrhythmia, seizures, hyperthermia
Nasal septum ulceration
Kindling- potentiate psychosis, hallucination

Question 16

Cocaine withdrawal effects

Answer 16

Depression
Fatigue
Nightmares
Sleep disturbances
Increased appetite
Bradyarrhythmia
Tremor

Question 17

Cocaine OD treatment

Answer 17

Supportive care, lorazepam, haldol, antiarrhythmic agents as needed for cardiac effects

Question 18

Amphetamine effects

Answer 18

Decreased fatigue
Alertness, awake
Decreased appetite
Increased activity
Increased respiration
Hyperthermia
Irritability
Insomnia
Confusion
Tremor
Convulsions
Anxiety
Paranoia
Aggression
Stroke, MI arrhythmia
Meth mouth

Question 19

Amphetamine withdrawal effects

Answer 19

Fatigue, depression, cognitive impairment

Question 20

Amphetamine OD treatment

Answer 20

Supportive care, haldol, lorazepam

Question 21

Ecstasy (MDMA) effects

Answer 21

Empathy
Relaxation
Party/rave
Suppress need to eat, sleep, drink
Euphoria
Decreased inhibitions
Anxiety
Paranoia
Irrational
Psychosis
Wanting to touch shit
Muscle tension
Faint
Chills, sweat
Increased HR and BP
Hyperthermia

Question 22

PCP effects

Answer 22

Euphoria
Delusion
Hostility
Hallucinations
Emotional lability

Question 23

PCP effects at low doses

Answer 23

sedation, ataxia, nystagmus, slurred speech, paresthesia

Question 24

PCP effects at high doses

Answer 24

increased BP, HR, temperature, diaphoresis, muscle rigidity, seizure, coma

Question 25

Ketamine effects

Answer 25

Increased BP, HR Hallucinations Vivid dreams Delirium Respiratory depression Hypertonia Dystonia Seizures Neuropathy Cardiac arrest Psychedelic effects

Question 26

LSD effects

Answer 26

Mydriasis Increased temp, HR, BP Loss of appetite Sleeplessness Dry mouth Tremor Blurred vision Dizziness Weakness Hallucinations Sensory crossover Flashbacks Perceptual intensification Depersonalization

Question 27

LSD OD treatment

Answer 27

Supportive care, lorazepam, haldol

Question 28

Marijuana effects

Answer 28

Bronchioles relax and enlarge, blood vessels dilate Bloodshot eyes Pleasant sensations More intense sensations Time passes slowly Euphoria Hunger Thirst Dry mouth Tachycardia Fear, distrust, panic Decreased coordination, balance, decreased memory, reaction time Amenorrhea Respiratory complications Decreased testosterone, spermatogenesis

Question 29

Inhalants effects

Answer 29

Nausea, headache, deprive brain of oxygen, arrhythmia, suffocation, brain damage, neuropathies, encephalopathy, impaired pulmonary, renal, hepatic function, decreased BP, loss of coordination, slurred speech

Question 30

Krokodil SQ effects

Answer 30

local tissue damage (ulcers, skin necrosis, infection)

Question 31

Krokodil OD effects

Answer 31

slow shallow breathing, small pupils, slurred speech, pale face, blue lips/nails, choking/gurgling

Question 32

Bath salt effects

Answer 32

Euphoria, energy, alertness

Question 33

Bath salt intoxication effects

Answer 33

combativeness, hallucinations, agitation, paranoia, confusion, myoclonus, seizures

Question 34

Bath salts OD effects

Answer 34

tachycardia, HTN, agitated delirium, diaphoresis, mydriasis, hyperthermia

Question 35

Bath salt OD treatment

Answer 35

IV benzos, fluid resuscitation, sedation

Question 36

Kratom effects at lower doses

Answer 36

Alertness, physical activity, talkativeness, social behavior

Question 37

Kratom effects at higher doses

Answer 37

Opiate effects at higher doses plus sedation and euphoria (nausea, itching, swearing, dry mouth, constipation, increased urination, loss of appetite)

Question 38

Non-opiate pain management options

Answer 38

Local pain relief, APAP, neuropathic pain with TCAs, gabapentin/pregabalin