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Psurg > Substance Abuse UTF8 > Flashcards

Substance Abuse UTF8 Flashcards

1
Q

Mental Health is

A

a state of successful mental functioning, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity

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2
Q

Substance Related d/o is divided in two groups

A

Substance Use disorder and Substance Induced d/o

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3
Q

What comes with Substance Use d/o?

A

Intoxication v Withdrawal

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4
Q

What comes with Substance Induced d/o?

A

Depression v Psychotic d/o

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5
Q

Experimentation with drugs begins

A

during adolescence, preadolescence (9-12 yo)

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6
Q

Pre-teen consume drugs by

A

huffing household products

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7
Q

Teens consume drugs by

A

experimenting with ETOH or marijuana

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8
Q

Young adults consume drugs by

A

doing everything and drop-off what doesn’t work for them

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9
Q

Geriatric consume drugs by

A

Prescription anxiolytics, narcotic opioids, ETOH

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10
Q

Socioeconomics and drugs

A

poor does crack cocaine, cost $10; rich have choice with money to blow

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11
Q

Psychiatric Co-morbidity

A

60-70% of drugees have psych issue

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12
Q

Substance Use example

A

drink margarita

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13
Q

Substance Abuse

A

repeated use of a psychoactive substace; to use wrongfully or in a harmful way; improper treatment or conduct that may result in injury; recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, home, etc.

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14
Q

Substance Dependence

A

has a compulsive or chronic requirement. The need is so strong as to generate distress (either physical or psychological) if left unfulfilled; Compulsive repetitive use of a psychoactive substance resulting in tolerance to the drug’s effects and withdraw

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15
Q

Substance Tolerance

A

A user who develops a tolerance to the rewarding properties of the abused drug must take increasingly higher amounts to get the desired effect; here the drug takes over

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16
Q

Substance Intoxication

A

A reversible substance-specific syndrome caused by ingestion of or exposure to a particular substance; a physical and mental state of exhiliration and emotional frenzy or lethargy and stupor

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17
Q

Substance Withdrawal

A

An uncomfortable syndrome that occurs when tissue and blood levels of the abused substance decrease in a person who has used that substance heavily over a prolonged period; the physiological meantal readjustment of an addictive substance

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18
Q

Predisposing Factors

A

genetic predisposition/addictive personality; property of certain drugs/crack coccain meth go straight to rewward center of brain; peer pressure; emotional distress; environmental factors/college

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19
Q

Asian have a reduced risk for

A

alcoholism

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20
Q

Neurobiological theory propose chronic exposure to drugs leads to

A

biological and cellular adaptation

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21
Q

Neurobiological theory also says genes influence

A

hormones contributing to sensitivity to peer pressure

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22
Q

Social and Psychological Theory says adolescents and young adults take drugs to

A

preserve childhood and avoid dealing with adult conflicts and responsibilities

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23
Q

11 classes of psychoactive drugs are

A
  1. alcohol 2. amphetamines 3. caffeine 4. cannabis 5. cocaine 6. hallucinogens 7. Inhalants 8. nicotine 9. opioids 10. Phencyclidine (PCP) 11. Sedative hypnotics and anxiolytics/barbituate phenobarbital
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24
Q

hallucinogens are

A

naturally occuring (peyote, Psilocybin mushrooms, morning glory seed, datura/hell’s bells) OR synthetic compounds (LSD, XTC)

25
Q

hallucinogen street names

A

acid, angel dust, ecstacy, XTC, Special K, Vitamin K, kit kat

26
Q

hallucinogen trade names

A

LCD, PCP, ketamine

27
Q

Phencyclidine PCP (hallucinogen) is

A

a diassociative drug; makes the user disconnect and out of control/yelling for hours; has a numbing effect on the mind and can cause unpredictable violent behavior/animalistic/primitive; distorted sense of sight, hearing and touch; NO ANTIDOTE

28
Q

Phencyclidine PCP (hallucinogen) treatments

A

NO ANTIDOTE; 5-10mg diazepam/valium/benazepril via IV; haloperidol/haldol/antischizo/ or chlorpromazine/phenothiazine for psychosis; be ready for respiratory arrest, T > 105 F and need for restraints

29
Q

Opioid (Downer)

A

CNS depressant, sedative effect, provide analgesia

30
Q

Opioid (Downer) Street Names

A

snow, perkies, dollies, doctors, lords, horse, morph

31
Q

Opioid (downer) trade names

A

heroin, morphine, codeine, dilauded, demorol, perodan, opium

32
Q

Opioid (Downer) Intoxication s/s

A

constricted pupils, slurred speech, sweating, clammy skin, visible needle marks, hypotension, dysrrythmias, drowsiness, decreased LOC; can lead to respiratory depression, coma, death

33
Q

Opioid (Downer) Withdrawal s/s

A

dilated pupils, anxiety, n/v, abdominal cramps, rhinorrhea, yawning, sneezing, piloerection/goose bumps, irritability, PANIC

34
Q

Opioid (Downer) Treatment

A

treat the specific s/s; airway and ventilation, antidiarrheal, decongestants, non-opioid analgesic; clonidine/catapres (alpha2 agonist hypotensive)

35
Q

Alcohol (Downer) is

A

legal; affects 10-17 million people; decreases lifespan by 10-12 yrs

36
Q

Alcohol (Downer) Intoxication s/s

A

blood alcohol level 0.08-0.10%; slurred speech; incoordination; unsteady gait; impairement in attention or memory; stupor

37
Q

Alcohol (Downer) Withdrawal s/s

A

starts in 4-12 hrs from last drink/stopping/reducing (approach pt from front/use clear short directives); motor impairment (malaise/weakness); sleep disturbance; Appetite; GI symptoms (n/v); Confusion; tremors; tachycardia, sweating, HTN, anxiety, depress

38
Q

Delirium Tremens d/t Alcohol (downer) s/s

A

“if they start to flick spiders off of them, it’s coming”; Onset 24-72 hrs from last drink/stopping/reducing; visual hallucinations; seizure; fearful; confused; disoriented

39
Q

Alcohol (downer) treatment

A

fluid administration; IV glucose; magnesium sulfate for seizure; chlordiazepoxide librium, diazepam valium; antiemetics; antidiarrheal; antipsychotics

40
Q

Alcohol (downer) Aversion Therapy involves

A

daily dose of Disulfiram Antabuse to prevent compulsive drinking; ingestion of minimal amount results in flushed skiin throbbing HA, neck pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, n/v, tachycardia/palpitation, hypotension, syncope, weakness, blurred vision, vertigo and

41
Q

Alcohol (downer) other drug options

A

Naltrexone ReVia opioid receptor antagonist; Acomprosade Campral glutamine receptor blocker/GABA receptor agonist; any combinations of therapy

42
Q

Alcohol (downer) therapy options

A

12-step program; counseling; group tx; support; drug tx

43
Q

Alcohol (downer) PC

A

cardiomyopathy r/t CHF or arrhythmia, esophageal varices/taste blood r/t portal HTN; GI bleed r/t erosion of stomach wall and damage to blood vessels; pancreatitis lead to DM and malnutrition; seizure d/o; depression; Wernicke’s encephalopathy/thiamine de

44
Q

Alcohol (downer) Nsg Dx

A

Ineffective breathing pattern; decreased cardiac output, anxiety, ineffective coping, acute confusion, ineffective role performance

45
Q

Alcohol (downer) Nsg Interventions

A

nonthreatening approach; continuous monitoring; VS and UO; prevent violence to self or others; seizure precautions

46
Q

Alcohol (downer) street name

A

booze, alcohol, liquor, drinks, cocktails, moonshine, nightcaps, firewater, white lightning

47
Q

Alcohol (downer) trade names

A

ethylalcohol ETOH, beer, gin, rum, vodka, bourbon, whiskey, liqueurs, wine, brandy, sherry, champagne

48
Q

4 examples of stimulants

A

amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine

49
Q

Stimulant intoxication s/s

A

tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, dilated pupils

50
Q

Cocaine stimulant treatment

A

VS, propanolol/inderal to lower BP, tremors, angina; IV fluids replacement/nutritional vitamins, antianxiety meds, sedatives

51
Q

Cocaine (stimulant) Withdrawal s/s

A

depression, anxiety, irritability, strong cravings for more cocaine (can’t teach with strong cravings)

52
Q

Cocaine (stimulant) street names

A

coke, crack, flake, snow

53
Q

Cocaine (stimulant) trade name

A

cocaine hydrocholride

54
Q

Amphetamine (stimulant)

A

is a powerful CNS stimulant; increases the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin; “Rush or High” come from high levels of dopamine that affect pleasure center of brain; reduces appetite and awareness of body needs; users become obsessed or pe

55
Q

Amphetamine (stimulant) Intoxication s/s

A

Euphoria r/t dopa; hyperactive, HTN, Temp > 105; diaphoresis; tremors; seizures; AMS; psychotic d/o; arrhythmia, HF, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, coma, death

56
Q

Amphetamine (stimulant) withdrawal s/s

A

CNS depression, hallucination, overstimulation, long periods of sleep for days, apathy and depression; suicide attempt

57
Q

Amphetamine (Stimulant) treatments

A

tx the s/s; AIRWAY mgmt; fluid resuscitation; arrhythmia tx; GASTRIC LAVAGE, activated charcoal; cooling measures for T > 105F

58
Q

Amphetamine (stimulant) street names

A

meth, speed

59
Q

Amphetamine (stimulant) trade name

A

Ritalin

Psurg (15 decks)

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