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Paediatrics > Substance Misuse > Flashcards

Substance Misuse Flashcards

1
Q

Describe 3 ways ecstasy is administered

A
  1. Powder
  2. Tablets
  3. Capsules
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2
Q

Describe 4 ways ecstasy affects the body

A 
Stimulant
     Increased alertness
     Mild sensory distortion
     Empathy
     Good will to others
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3
Q

Describe 3 negative effects of ecstasy

A
  1. Incoordination
  2. Hanover (lethargy, irritability, depression)
  3. Rise in body temperature
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4
Q

Describe 5 dental effects of ecstasy

A
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Chewing something / Bruxism
  3. TMJ pain
  4. TMJ clicking
  5. Paranaesthesia
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5
Q

Describe how methamphetamine is administered

A

Crystalline powder or tablet, which is smoking, injected, snorted or orally consumed

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6
Q

Describe 4 ways methamphetamine affects the body

A 
Intense Rush
     Euphoria
     Arousal
     Increase physical activity and respiration
     Decreased appetite
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7
Q

Describe 5 negative effects of methamphetamine

A
  1. Depression / Anxiety
  2. Violent and aggressive behaviour
  3. Paranoia and hallucinations
  4. Compulsive repetitive behaviour
  5. Jaw clenching
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8
Q

Describe 6 dental implications of methamphetamine

A
  1. High tooth loss
  2. High prevalence of decay
  3. Erosion
  4. Bruxism
  5. Attrition
  6. TMJ
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9
Q

Describe 4 ways cannabis is administered

A
  1. Smoked
  2. Foot
  3. Tea
  4. Chewed
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10
Q

Describe 4 psychological effects of cannabis

A
  1. Excitement
  2. Hilarity
  3. Heightened awareness
  4. Sense of wellbeing
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11
Q

Name 3 negative effects of cannabis

A
  1. Impaired attention and memory
  2. Increased blood pressure
  3. Increased heart rate
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12
Q

Describe 3 ways cocaine can be administered

A
  1. Powder which is snorted through tube
  2. Crack which is smoked through pipe
  3. Speedballing which is injection with heroin
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13
Q

Describe 3 ways cocaine affects the body

A

Stimulant
Alertness
Energetic
Confidence

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14
Q

Name 3 negative effects of cocaine

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Depression
  3. Paranoia
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15
Q

Name 3 oral effects of cocaine

A
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Bruxism
  3. Oral mucosal ulcerations
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16
Q

Describe 2 ways heroin is administered

A
  1. Brown powder which is smoked

2. Powder injected

17
Q

Describe 3 ways heroin affects the body

A
  1. Euphoria
  2. Analgesia
  3. Anxiety-free
18
Q

Name 4 negative effects of heroin

A
  1. Respiratory depression
  2. Lethargy
  3. Constipation
  4. Histamine release
19
Q

Describe methadone as a drug

A
  • Synthetic opiate derived in Germany 1939
  • Daily syrup
  • Long half life
  • Maintenance and detoxification programs
20
Q

Describe 4 ways opiates can cause oral disease

A
  1. Frequency of sugar consumption may lead to caries
  2. Oral hygeine
  3. Xerostomia
  4. Analgesia
21
Q

Describe what NSPs are

A
  • New Psychoactive Substances
  • Predominantly synthetic versions of existing drugs to avoid legal sanction and detection
  • Easily available through the internet and retail outlets
22
Q

Name 6 barriers to care for patients suffering from substance misuse

A
  1. Anxiety / Fear
  2. No perceived need for treatment
  3. Missed appointments
  4. Waiting lists
  5. Expense
  6. Staff attitudes
23
Q

Describe 5 effects of prolonged abuse of alcohol

A
  1. Memory loss
  2. Alcoholic hepatitis
  3. Cirrhosis
  4. Peptic ulcers
  5. Cardiomyopathy
24
Q

Name 3 treatments for alcohol abuse

A
  1. CBT
  2. Naltrexone
  3. High protein diet
25
Q

Describe 5 oral findings of alcohol abuse

A
  1. Neglect (advanced caries and disease)
  2. Erosion from vomiting
  3. Nocturnal bruxism (attrition and TMJ issues)
  4. Deficiencies
  5. Parotid gland enlargement
26
Q

Describe dental management of patients suffering from alcohol abuse

A
  • Appointments in the morning
  • Care with consent for treatment if patients are intoxicated
  • Mouthwashes are alcohol free
  • Liver cirrhosis can affect drug metabolism
  • Wound healing delayed
  • Avoid aspirin and metronidazole
27
Q

Describe the symptoms of depression

A
  • Sadness / Anxiety
  • Hopelessness / Pessimism
  • Guilt
  • Decrease in energy
  • Ability to concentrate
  • Chronic pain
28
Q

Name 3 anti depressant drugs which may be used

A
  1. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Tranylcypromine)
  2. Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline)
  3. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (Fluoxetine)
29
Q

Describe the oral findings of a person suffering from depression

A
  • Xerostomia leading to candidiasis and increase in caries
  • Taste disturbances
  • Bodily complaints (facial pain, burning mouth)
  • Prevention is very important
30
Q

Describe the characteristics of mania

A

Abnormal elation, grandiose notions, distractability, beliefs in ability and powers, high energy

31
Q

What is bipolar?

A

Mania with recurrent episodes of depression which can involve psychotic symptoms and delusinos

32
Q

Name 3 treatments for mania

A
  1. CBT
  2. Lithium / Valproate
  3. Carbamazepine
33
Q

Describe 3 drug induced oral complications of mania

A
  1. Lithium can cause xerostomia
  2. Carbamazepine can cause mouth ulcers
  3. Avoid diazepam, NSAIDs, metronidazole and tetracyclines
34
Q

Describe 5 oral findings of a patient suffering from mania

A
  1. Poor oral hygeine
  2. Increased caries and decreased salivary flow
  3. Attrition
  4. Smoking more likely
  5. Delusional oral symptoms
35
Q

Describe the dental treatment of a schizophrenic patient

A
  • Approach patient slowly in non-threatening manner
  • Adopt open manner with no whispering
  • Protect airway as poor gag reflex
  • Short appointments recommended
  • Prevention important
36
Q

Describe 4 components of interdisciplinary approach to treatment

A

Referrals - Pharmacist, drug clinics and GMPs
Education - Substance users, dentists, drug workers
Oral Health Promotion - Initial assessment, information, fluoride
Policy - Inclusion of oral health in treatment strategies

Paediatrics (12 decks)

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