substance use

Question 1

drugs of abuse increase dopamine in what areas of the brain? which make up what system

Answer 1

nucleus accumbens & ventral tegmental area
MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINE SYSTEM

Question 2

why is cocaine rewarding ?

Answer 2

causes an increase in dopamine levels in the brain (blocks the DA transporter)

Question 3

How are the rewarding effects of cocaine blocked?

Answer 3

using dopamine receptor antagonists

Question 4

why dont dopamine antagonists work for addiction?

Answer 4

Numbing, remove rewarding effects, therefore compliance is LOW

Question 5

Why are vaccines not an effective treatment for addiction

Answer 5

because drugs can be altered to get around the effect of the vaccine - rendering it useless

Question 6

How do vaccines for addiction work

Answer 6

by injecting antibodies that stop cocaine reaching the brain

Question 7

craving involves increased …. release from the PFC to NA

Answer 7

glutamate

Question 8

Future treatments for addiction may involve what?

Answer 8

specific glutamate antagonists or agents that normalise glutamate levels

Question 9

What effect do the NAC drugs for addiction have on the brain?

Answer 9

help regulate glutamate levels so there is no up and down (reduces craving)

Question 10

How does methadone work to treat addiction?

Answer 10

binds to mu opiate receptor (like heroin) meaning the heroin cannot bind

Question 11

mu opiate receptor agonist

Answer 11

Methadone

Question 12

binds to mu opiate receptors - partial agonist (reduced efficacy)

Answer 12

buprenorphine

Question 13

What are replacement therapies for SUD

Answer 13

methadone and buprenphine - as they as used instead of drug and cause less of a ‘rush’

Question 14

Mu receptor antagonist

Answer 14

Naloxone

Question 15

drug that acts quickly to stop heroin/alcohol from increasing DA

Answer 15

naloxone

Question 16

treatments for alcoholism (3)

Answer 16

Acamprosate
Naloxone
Disulfriam (not anymore)

Question 17

glutamate NDMA receptor antagonist (for alcoholism)

Answer 17

Acamprosate

Question 18

drug that makes alcohol result in nausea, vomiting, etc

Answer 18

disulfiram

Question 19

treatments for addiction to nicotine (3)

Answer 19

bupropion
varenicline
nicobrevin

Question 20

dopamine reuptake inhibitor (anti-depressant used for nicotine addiction)

Answer 20

bupropion

Question 21

nicotine receptor partial agonist (competes with nicotine)

Answer 21

varenicline

Question 22

what is Nicobrevin?

Answer 22

non smoking drops added to drinking water

Question 23

agonist at alpha adrenoceptors (noradrenaline) that help to reduce withdrawal effects

Answer 23

clonidine