SUD

Question 1

What is the median age of onset for illicit drug use?

Answer 1

13 years

Question 2

What is the median age for drug abuse with dependence?

Answer 2

14 years

Question 3

What is the median age for drug abuse without dependence?

Answer 3

15 years

Question 4

Which substances are most frequently involved in substance use disorders (SUDs)?

Answer 4

• Alcohol
• Cannabis
• Nicotine

Question 5

What is the prevalence of SUDs in males compared to females?

Answer 5

Somewhat more frequent in males

Question 6

What is the range of the increase in prevalence of SUDs across increasing age groups?

Answer 6

Five- to elevenfold increase

Question 7

What percentage of adolescents reported engaging in some form of gambling during the previous year?

Answer 7

Between 60% and 80%

Question 8

What percentage of adolescents may have a very serious gambling problem?

Answer 8

3%–8%

Question 9

What percentage of adolescents are at risk for the development of a gambling problem?

Answer 9

10%–15%

Question 10

What is the estimated percentage of adolescents with SUD having one or more comorbid psychiatric diagnoses?

Answer 10

64%–88%

Question 11

What are the most common comorbid psychiatric conditions among youth in addiction treatment?

Answer 11

• Conduct problems
• ADHD
• Mood disorders (e.g., depression)
• Trauma-related symptoms

Question 12

What does the presence of a psychiatric disorder predict regarding substance use and SUD?

Answer 12

• Earlier age at onset of use and SUD
• More rapid progression of use to SUD
• Greater SUD severity
• More persistent SUD

Question 13

What is the risk increase for disruptive behavior disorders in youth using or abusing substances?

Answer 13

Fourfold increase

Question 14

What percentage of treatment-seeking adolescents have undiagnosed and untreated ADHD?

Answer 14

44%

Question 15

What factors are significant risk factors for the development of SUDs?

Answer 15

• Earlier initiation of substance use
• More rapid progression through the stages of substance use

Question 16

How much more likely are adults first exposed to alcohol before age 21 to have alcohol dependence or abuse?

Answer 16

Seven times more likely

Question 17

What family factors are implicated in increasing youth SUD risk?

Answer 17

• Affectional bonding
• Parental supervision and management practices
• Discipline style
• Adherence to religious practices

Question 18

What component is established to have a strong heritable aspect in nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug dependence?

Answer 18

Genetic component

Question 19

What influences are relatively stronger at earlier stages of substance involvement?

Answer 19

Shared environmental influences

Question 20

What indicates potential pathology in adolescent substance use?

Answer 20

• Preoccupation
• Compulsive use
• Negative consequences of use

Question 21

What are common risk factors for the development of SUDs?

Answer 21

• Individual factors
• Peer factors
• Family factors

Question 22

What type of drugs do most adolescents start with?

Answer 22

Gateway drugs that are legal for older individuals (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis)

Question 23

What should be done for adolescents with comorbid psychiatric disorders?

Answer 23

They should be treated for these disorders concurrently with SUDs

Question 24

What are some evidence-based practices for SUDs?

Answer 24

• Specific family therapies
• CBT
• Motivational interviewing and enhancement

Question 25

What is critical after an acute treatment episode for SUDs?

Answer 25

Aftercare and involvement in prosocial activities with nondeviant peers

Question 26

What do empirically based prevention interventions primarily involve?

Answer 26

* Strengthening resilience factors * Reducing risk factors for the development of SUDs