Conduct Disorder Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the central feature of Conduct Disorder (CD)?
A repetitive pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major societal rules.
What are the four clusters of DSM-5 criteria for CD?
- Aggression that threatens or harms people or animals
- Destruction of property
- Deceitfulness or theft
- Serious rule violations
How many subtypes does DSM-5 classify CD into based on age at onset?
Three subtypes: childhood, adolescent, or unspecified.
What is defined as childhood onset in CD?
The appearance of at least one symptom characteristic of CD prior to age 10.
What demographic is typically associated with childhood onset of CD?
Individuals with childhood onset are typically male, exhibit physically aggressive behaviors, previously had ODD, and have concurrent ADHD.
What is the prevalence of Conduct Disorder (CD)?
About 5%.
What is ODD in relation to CD?
ODD is a frequent precursor of CD, especially among youth with childhood-onset CD.
How does CD co-occur with anxiety disorders?
Studies conflict as to whether the onset of anxiety disorder precedes or follows CD.
What do adoption studies indicate about genetic heritage and environment?
Significant interactions between genetic heritage and adverse environment, though less significant than in twin studies.
How does low MAOA activity relate to CD?
Among abused boys, those with a variant gene for low MAOA activity appear to be twice as likely to develop CD.
What executive function problems are correlated with CD?
- Anticipating and planning
- Inhibition of impulsive behaviors
- Abstract reasoning
What temperament traits are associated with antisocial behaviors?
Negative emotionality traits, such as overreactivity.
How does chronic illness or disability relate to conduct misbehaviors?
Children with chronic illness or disability are three times more likely to have conduct misbehaviors.
What factors increase the risk of developing antisocial behaviors?
- Harsh discipline
- Physical or sexual abuse
- Parental rejection, neglect, and lack of involvement
What family problems are associated with increased occurrence of CD?
- Poverty
- Marital discord
- Domestic violence
- Parental alcohol or substance abuse, criminality, and mental illness
What environmental factors are linked to higher rates of CD?
Disadvantaged neighborhoods characterized by poor housing, crime, substance abuse, and community disorganization.
What is a significant factor in the onset of delinquency?
Association with deviant peers.
What effect does positive parenting have on callous-unemotional behaviors?
It significantly reduces those behaviors in an at-risk population.
What protective factors improve resilience against CD?
- Being female
- Having a high IQ
- Having an easy temperament
- Competence outside of school
- Good academic skills
- Ability to plan ahead or use coping strategies
- Good interpersonal skills
What percentage of individuals still meet criteria for CD diagnosis after 3–4 years?
45%–90%.
What percentage of those diagnosed with CD go on to have antisocial personality disorder?
About 40%.
What is the current evidence regarding medication for CD?
No evidence currently supports the use of medication alone to treat the symptoms of CD.
What medications have been shown to reduce aggressive behaviors in youth with CD?
- Lithium
- Antipsychotics
- Anticonvulsants
- Clonidine
- Propranolol
Which antipsychotic agent is frequently used in the treatment of aggression in CD?
Risperidone.
