Suffragettes

Question 1

WSPU

Answer 1

Women’s social and political union

Question 2

Who was the WSPU founded by

Answer 2

Founded and led by Emmeline Pankhurst

Question 3

What as the WSPU motto

Answer 3

“Deeds not words”

Question 4

What was something women rich and pore had in common in the 19th century

Answer 4

They were completely dependent on men. Even a wife’s wages belonged to her husband until 1870. By law husband owned their wives as much as they did their house and furniture

Question 5

How would a poor women in 19th century have life go

Answer 5

She would expect to spend most of her adult life going out to work to support the family

Question 7

How soul a rich lady in 19th century have life go

Answer 7

A rich lady was not expected to work. A wife who stayed at home was a status symbol for a husband, rich enough for her not to work. That did mean she had no money

Question 8

Why were unmarried women not someth8ngbof the 19th century

Answer 8

There were few jobs that a women could support herself with. Son there was no real place in society for unmarried women; rich or poor. Without money women could not gain independence

Question 9

What was marriage like for women of the 19th century

Answer 9

A young girl was expected to obey her father, even in his choice if husband. As a married lady much of her life was spent having babies and raising a family. Many children died and there were no contraceptives so families could be in double figures. Later into the 19th century the middle class became richer, servants became more common and women had less and less to do. They became like pretty decorations.

Question 10

How could men treat their wives in the 19th century

Answer 10

Once married; the man owned his wife. A wife’s duty was to obey. If she did not, he was allowed to beat her. If she did not please him, he could take a mistress. There was little she could do. If she committed adultry, he could divorce her. A man could spend all his wife’s money. If he got into debt he could sell her possessions even her clothes

Question 11

How did you end a marriage in the 19th century

Answer 11

An act of parliament was necessary to end a marriage and it costs £2000. Money women did not have

Question 12

What weed the thoughts on women in the 1850s

Answer 12

Women were thought of as second class citizens. People believed women were inferior to men -physically and mentally. Women were paid less than men, and tended to do less skilled work. They were excluded fr9m many professions and it was thought “a women’s place is in the home.”

Question 13

Why weren’t women allowed to vote in general elections

Answer 13

-women weren’t well educated enough to vote
-if women became involved in politics the home would suffer
-women were too emotional to handle the responsibility of the vote
-women would lose their femininity in politics

Question 14

1869

Answer 14

Municipal Franchise Act gave single women the right to vote in local elections

Question 15

1870

Answer 15

Married women’s property act meant husbands no longer owned their wives property. Women were able to sue for desertion without going to the work house

Question 16

1870-1894

Answer 16

Women are allowed to be elected to school boards, poor law guardianship, parish and district councils

Question 17

1870 education

Answer 17

Education Act (1872 Scotland) assured girls the same basic education as boys

Question 18

1876

Answer 18

Medical schools opened their doors to women and in 1878 London university opened all its degrees to women

Question 19

1871

Answer 19

Newham college Cambridge was founded. Women could attend Cambridge

Question 20

What did education do for women

Answer 20

Better education gave women more employment opportunities in civil service, post office and private business

Question 21

What did the years 1860 and 1888 do for women’s work

Answer 21

1860=Nightingale School of Nursing helped make nursing a proper profession
1888= Match girls strike/ women won better working conditions

Question 22

Who were the suffragists

Answer 22

-national union of women’s suffrage societies
-established in 1897 by Millicent Fawcett
-method was peaceful protest through petitions to parliament eg. 1910 presented petition with 250,000 signatures in favour of female suffrage
-also used propaganda through the newspaper ‘the suffrage’ and leaflets etc. In 1913 they spent £45,000 on publicity.

Question 23

What was membership of the suffragists like

Answer 23

1909=13,000 members
1913=100,000 members and 500 branches nationwide

Question 24

What was the problem with the suffragists

Answer 24

Peaceful methods are easy to ignore. By 1905 the press were virtually ignoring them

Question 25

Who were suffragettes

Answer 25

Women’s social political union founded in 1903 by Emily Pankhurst. Their motto was deeds not words and their flag with the three colours were purple (dignity) white (purity)and green (hope). Their method was violent. They believed in using militancy to gain the vote. They also gained publicity through leaflets newspapers marches and demonstrations.

Question 26

What were some significant dates for the suffragettes

Answer 26

1908=series of six meetings attracted more than 25,000 women to attend 1908=. Demonstration and Hyde Park. £1000 was spent on publicity. 1911=“ women’s coronation procession”. Joint march with suffragists over 40,000 women attended possession stretched for 7 miles. 1912= month long pilgrimage from Edinburgh to London attracted 1000s of supporters

Question 27

What was membership for suffragettes like

Answer 27

1909= votes for women newspaper sold 20,000 copies per week 1910= membership was 2000 -annual income £33,000 -employed 98 women in London. 34 out of 88 branches were in London. 1914= membership was low. Number of suffragettes able to campaign effectively was reduced to exile or weak from hunger striking.

Question 28

What were the militant tactics of 1905

Answer 28

Christabel Pankhurst arrested first pretending to spit at police man Started stone throwing

Question 29

What are the militant tactics of 1909

Answer 29

First Scottish militant demonstration takes place in Glasgow and Dundee Imprisoned suffragettes start hunger striking. When government introduces force feeding 150 councils sent petitions to the government protesting about this action.

Question 30

What happened in 1910

Answer 30

Black Friday - 150 suffragettes hurt in violence outside parliament

Question 31

What was 1912-1914 known as and what did involve

Answer 31

Wild period and involved arson attacks,acid on golf courses, letter boxes, telephone wires out. David Lloyd George’s house burnt. Emily Wilding Davison -martyr at derby. Slasher Mary attacked painting in National gallery . 1000 imprisoned by 1914

Question 32

What was Black Friday

Answer 32

By 1910 it looked as if a women's suffrage act might be Passed but when the government announced that an election was to tale place it was obvious that votes for women would have to wait. As a result hundreds of women set out in a march to Parliament in protest. The women ran into a gauntlet of policemen and as a result many women were pushed and beaten. Mrs Mary Clarke: Emmeline Pankhurst’s sister had been seriously injured duning the events. A week later she died from her injuries: She became the campaigns first martyr.

Question 33

What did women start doing once imprisoned

Answer 33

Once in prison the suffragettes began to refuse food, claiming they were polittal prisoners and not common criminals. The first hunger striker was Marion Wallace Dunlop - After 4 days of not eating the prison authorities force fed the women.

Question 34

What was the governments Reaction to votes for women

Answer 34

1905= Parliament spent ours discussing the issue of car tail lights so that they wouldn’t have to discuss the next issue on the agenda- votes for women. 1908= Asquith became Prime Minister. He was against women getting the vote and in 1909 he refused to even meet with suffrage campers.

Question 35

What law did the government bring in to avoid having martyrs on their hands

Answer 35

In 1913 the Women's Social + Political Union increased its campaign to destroy public and private property. The women responsible were often caught and once in prison they went on hunger strike. Determined to avoid these women becoming martyrs, the government introduced the prisoners temporary discharge of ill health Act. To get around this, the ‘cat and mouse act was introduced.

Question 36

How did the Cat and Mouse act work

Answer 36

The logic behind to this was simple: a suffragute would be arrested she would then go on hunger Strike, the authorities would wait until she was too weak through lack of food to do any harm if in public. She would then be released “on licence" .Once out of prison it was in assumed that the fomer prisoner would start to eat once again and regain their strength over a period of time. If she committed an offense while out on licence, she would be immediately be re-arrested and returned to prison . Here, it was assumed that she would then go back on hunger strike . The authonties would then went again until she was too weak to cause trouble and then she would be re-released “on license “ and the cycle would repeat itself

Question 37

What was the Prisoners Temporary Discharge if ill health act nicknamed and why

Answer 37

The Act was nicknamed the Cat and Mouse act as the constant imprisonment and then release of women resembled a cat playing with a mouse

Question 38

Who was Emily Davison

Answer 38

She was a teacher. She gave up her career to campaign full time for the suffragettes. She believed the suffragettes were right to be militant. She was put in prison 9 times for throwing stones, window smashing and setting fire to post boxes.

Question 39

What did Emily Davison do in prison

Answer 39

In JAIL she had gone on hunger strike and was force fed. She had while in Holloway prison tried to kill herself by throwing herself down the stairs on to the concrete floor. She believed that the sacrifice of human life was necessary to win votes for women.

Question 40

What happened on derby day

Answer 40

Derby day 4 June 1913 in Epsom. The favourite to win the horse race was the horse belonging to the King George V-Anmer. It was at Tattenham corner of the race course that Emily Davidson (militant suffragette)dashed under the rail of the course and collided with the kings horse Anmer. The horse threw its jockey and he lands on her. She sustained severe crash injuries and died 2 days later in hospital.

Question 41

Why is it debated wether Emily Davison was a martyr or victim

Answer 41

Reasons for; Martyr= her coat had a WSPU flag pinned inside it and believed the sacrifice of life was necessary for a vote. Victim= her purse contained a return railways ticket

Question 42

What happened when World War One broke out

Answer 42

After World War I broke out the suffrage movement in Britain and the rest of the world came to a halt. Women were not needed to help with the war effort doing a range of jobs in the fear of the war the women of the WSPU became very patriotic.

Question 43

Women factory workers

Answer 43

After conscription was introduced in 1916 were needed to work in factories as more men went it war

Question 44

How did Elizabeth de T’sercles say about being a front line nurse

Answer 44

Women were needed to tend to the wounds of the men on the front lines in France and Belgium. Elizabeth de T’sercles Siam, “ we slept in our clothes and cut our hair short so it would tuck inside our caps. Dressing simply meant putting on our boots. There were times we had to scrape the lice off with the blunt of edge of a knife and our underclothes stuck to us.”

Question 45

Women’s land army

Answer 45

With so many man away fight someone had to bring the harvest and keep the farms going. These women who joined the WLA were given a uniform: brown corduroy trousers and Leggings, a WLA hat and hob nail boots. They were also issued with a “Mac” in case it rained.

Question 46

What does the WLA pay like

Answer 46

They were paid 18 Shillings a Week (near enough £1 now) but 12 shillings went to in board and food. That left 6 Shillings at a time when a pair of stalkings cost 3 shillings , To save fuel for he precious ar effort, every thing that could be done by hand, hairdressing was done by hand etc. Horses were used for ploughing the land Just like in medieval times

Question 47

When did the war end

Answer 47

World War I ended in 1918 on the 11th of November following an armistice between the allies and Germany thought

Question 48

What followed victory of ww1

Answer 48

A law was passed to allow women the vote but with certain restrictions

Question 49

What did the representation of the people act do

Answer 49

It was the start of female suffrage in Great Britain The 1980 representation of the people act gave women of property ,over the age of 30, the right to vote.

Question 50

What did the representation of the people act cause

Answer 50

It increased the electorate to about 21 million. 8. 4 million were women. About 22% of women 30 years of age and above were excluded from the right to vote as they were not property ouners. These were women were invariably of working class.

Question 51

How did some women view the representation of the people of act

Answer 51

Saw it as a betrayal as still close them a second-class citizens to men. Thus was because the 1918 Representation of the People Act gave all men over the age of 21 the right to vote( and aged 19 if the men had been on active service in the armed forces). Therefore, politically women were still not equal to men in Britain even after the 1918 act.

Question 52

When did women achieve full equality

Answer 52

They achieved full equality regarding suffrage in 1928

Question 53

Why did the suffragettes stop campaigning during the war

Answer 53

They thought it would be unpatriotic

Question 54

Why was working in munitions dangerous for women

Answer 54

How old exposure to the chemical powder TNT poisoned women. In short term this meant their hair turned yellow and for many women long-term issues were not having the ability to have children later on in life

Question 55

Why can the suffragettes campaign be considered a success

Answer 55

• Brought much needed publicity to the movement - By 1905 the suffragists were being ignored. • During the Wild period the issue of female suffrage was discussed daily in parliament. • Some politicians claimed they gave women the vote in 1918 to prevent a return to the wild period . -M Mackerzie said, “ prior to 1914 it was the WSPU who revitalised the question of votes for women." - Force Feeding and the cat and Mouse act was good publity.

Question 56

Why can the suffragettes campaign be considered a failure

Answer 56

-Argued delayed the vote-government could never give into terrorist tactics. -Morrison criticises their targets. If they had hit docks or railways (economic tactics) the government would have taken them far more seriously. -It lost public support: -pro female suffrage candidates tended to do badly in election - posters were ripped up - memberships dropped - there was division in the movement - Times 1910 called them "demented creatures"