sugar diabetes

Question 1

what is sugar diabetes also known as ?

Answer 1

diabetes mellitus

Question 2

what is diabetes ?

Answer 2

a chronic disease

characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood

SA - 6 mil
90% adult 10% children

Question 3

what is type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 3

insulin defendant

start in childhood

5-10% of diagnoses

Question 4

what are the initial symptoms of type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 4

tiredness

production of large quantities of dilute urine that contains glucose

great thirst

Question 5

what do type 1 diabetes produce large quantities of dilute urine containing glucose ?

Answer 5

kidneys can’t reabsorb all the extra glucose from renal tubes

Question 6

causes of type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 6

autoimmune disease
> body’s immune system destroys the insulin producing cells (beta cells) in pancreas

pancreas fails to produce insulin

> glucose remains in blood instead of moving into the cells

Question 7

what is the condition associated with type 1 diabetes called ?

Answer 7

hyperglycemia

Question 8

how can type 1 diabetes be treated ?

Answer 8

life long disease

no cure

if patient is disciplined and responsible
- with diabetic management/ regular excercise

disease can be controlled

Question 9

type 1 diabetes important treatments ?

Answer 9

little/ no insulin is produced
> daily injections

have to test blood sugar levels frequently with finger prick
> correct amount of insulin injected

Question 10

what are the short term affects of not doing type 1 treatments ?

Answer 10

extreme thirst

nausea

vomiting

dehydration

dizziness

coma

Question 11

what are the long term goals of treatment for type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 11

prolong life

reduce symptoms

prevent diabetes related complications

(blindness, kidney failure, amputation of limbs + increased risk of heart attack/ stoke)

Question 12

what operations can be done to treat type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 12

pancreas transplants

future - stem cells to produce working beta cells

Question 13

what is type 2 diabetes ?

Answer 13

non-insulin dependent

starts in adulthood

influenced by lifestyle

more common, 90-95%

symptoms develop gradually, many unaware of having disease

Question 14

what increase chances of developing type 2 diabetes ?

Answer 14

increasing age (insulin resistance)

diet high in sugars, fats, processed food
> overweight/ obesity

lack of exercise

Question 15

why is there a global concern with teenagers and type 2 diabetes ?

Answer 15

sedentary lifestyle

poor eating habits

young becoming overweight

Question 16

what are the causes of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 16

develops when body produces less insulin/ can’t use insulin correctly

faulty insulin receptors
(cells that normally aid transport of glucose into cells)

Question 17

what is the condition associated with type 2 diabetes called ?

Answer 17

insulin resistance

Question 18

how can type 2 be treated ?

Answer 18

following balanced diet

eating low G1 carbohydrates
(control blood sugar levels)

losing weight + regular exercise

oral drugs/ insulin can be consumed

Question 19

what is the glycaemic index (GI) ?

Answer 19

a measure of the effects of carbohydrates on blood sugar levels

Question 20

which carbohydrates have a high GI ?

Answer 20

carbohydrates that break down quickly during digestion

release glucose rapidly into the blood steam

Question 21

which carbohydrates have a low GI ?

Answer 21

carbohydrates that breakdown slowly

release glucose gradually into the blood steam

Question 22

what do low GI foods prevent ?

Answer 22

a spike in blood glucose levels

Question 23

warning signs for onset diabetes ?

Answer 23

increased thirst

frequent urination

blurred vision

tingling/ numb hands + feet

frequent infections

slow healing wounds

Question 24

which gender is more likely to develop diabetes if they are obese ?

Answer 24

women

40% overweight