Sugars Flashcards
(7 cards)
1
Q
What are carbohydrates made up of?
A
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- All joined by covalent bonds
2
Q
What are simple carbohydrates?
A
Sugars that taste sweet and are soluble in water
Eg. include glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
3
Q
What is α-glucose?
A
Contains six carbons = hexose
Single molecule = monosaccharide.
4
Q
How are carbon atoms numbered in α-glucose?
A
- Carbon bonded to oxygen on the right-hand side of the molecule is given number 1
- Other carbons are numbered in a clockwise sequence.
5
Q
What is the position of the hydroxyl (OH) group in α-glucose?
A
On both carbons 1 and 4 - OH is below the plane of the ring
6
Q
What is the position of the hydroxyl (OH) group in β-glucose?
A
On carbon 1 - OH is above the plane of the ring
7
Q
What are the different types of monosaccharides?
A
- Hexose sugars: α-glucose, β-glucose, galactose, and fructose
- Same molecular formula but are isomers
- Pentose sugars: ribose and deoxyribose - contain 5 carbons
