CHARACTERIZED BY DISCRETE ATTACKS OF NEUROLOGICAL DEFICITS WITH EITHER FULL OR PARTIAL RECOVERY IN SUBSEQUENT WEEKS TO MONTHS
RELAPSING REMITTING MS
% OF RELAPSING REMITTING MS
85%
CHARACTERIZED BY LACK OF DISEASE PROGRESSION
RELAPSING REMITTING MS
MAY BE THE RESULT OF PROGRESSIVE AXONAL LOSS RATHER THAN NEW LESIONS
SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE MS
CHARACTERIZED BY DISEASE PROGRESSION AND STEADY FUNCTIONAL DECLINE FROM ONSET, PT. MAY EXPERIENCE MODEST FLUCTUATIONS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISABILITY BUT DISCRETE ATTACK DO NOT OCCUR
PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE MS
PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE MS %
10%
CHARACTERIZED BY STEADY DETERIORATION IN DISEASE FROM ONSET BUT WITH OCCASIONAL ACUTE ATTACKS
PROGRESSIVE RELAPSING MS
% OF PROGRESSIVE RELAPSING MS
5%
STABLE PATIENT MAY HAVE LOCAL INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY THAT IS CLINICALLY ABSENT
RELAPSING REMITTING
ASSOCIATED WITH LATER ONSET (MEAN 40Y/O) AND MORE EQUAL GENDER DISTRIBUTION
PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE MS
INTERVALS IN BETWEEN ATTACKS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY CONTINUING DISEASE PROGRESSION
PROGRESSIVE RELAPSING MS
DEGENERATION OF CORTICOSPINAL TRACTS, NEURONS IN THE MOTOR CORTEX AND BRAINSTEM AND ANTERIOR HORN CELLS IN THE SC
ALS
DEGENERATION OF UMN
PRIMARY LATERAL SCLEROSIS
DEGENERATION OF MOTOR NEURONS OF CN 9-12
PROGRESSIVE BULBAR PALSY
LOSS OR CHROMATOLYSIS OF MOTOR NEURONS OF THE SC AND BRAINSTEM
PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATOPHY
STAGE 1 HOEHN YAHR
MINIMAL/ABSENT ; UNILAT
STAGE 2 HOEHN YAHR
MINIMAL/BILATERAL/MIDLINE INVOLVEMENT, BALANCE INTACT
STAGE 3 HOEHN YAHR
IMPAIRED RIGHTING REFLEXES
STAGE 4 HOEHN YAHR
ALL SX PRESENT AND SEVERE, STANDING AND WALKING ONLY POSSIBLE WITH ASSIST
STAGE 5 HOEHN YAHR
CONFINED TO BED/W/C
pt. reacts inconsistently and nonpurposefully to stimuli in a nonspecific manner
GENERALIZED RESPONSE RLA 2
PT. APPEARS TO BE IN A DEEP SLEEP AND IS COMPLETELY UNRESPONSIVE TO STIMULI
RLA 1 NO RESPONSE
PT. REACTS SPECIFICALLY BUT INCONSISTENTLY TO STIMULI, MAY FOLLOW SIMPLE COMMAND SUCH AS CLOSING EYES IN AN INCONSISTENT DELAYED MANNER
RLA 3 LOCALIZED RESPONSE
HEIGHTENED STATE OF ACTIVITY, BIZARRE AND NON-PURPOSEFUL BEHAVIOR
RLA 4 CONFUSED AGIT
CONFABULATION PRESENT, DOES NOT DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN OBJECTS AND PERSONS.
RLA 4 CONFUSED AGIT
ABLE TO RESPOND TO SIMPLE COMMANDS FAIRLY CONSISTENTLY BUT RESPONSES ARE NON PURPOSEFUL OR FRAGMENTED WITH INC COMPLEXITY
RLA 5 CONFUSED INAPPROPRIATE
GOAL DIRECTED BEHAVIOR BUT IS DEPENDENT ON EXTERNAL INPUT OR DIRECTION
RLA 6 CONFUSED APP
GROSS ATTENTION TO ENVIRONMENT BUT IS HIGHLY DISTRACTIBLE AND LACKS ABILITY TO FOCUS ATTENTION ON A SPECIFIC TASK
RLA V
FOLLOWS SIMPLE DIRECTIONS CONSISTENTLY AND SHOWS CARRYOVER FOR RELEARNED TASKS SUCH AS SELF CARE
RLA VI
PAST MEMORIES SHOW MORE DEPTH AND DETAIL THAN RECENT MEMORY
RLA VI
PT APPEARS APPROPRIATE AND ORIENTED WITHIN HOSPITAL/HOME; ROBOT LIKE
RLA VII
SHOWS CARRYOVER FOR NEW LEARNING BUT AT A DECREASED RATE, JUDGMENT REMAINS IMPAIRED
RLA VII
BLUISH GRAY DISCOLORATION OF THE SKIN AND MUCUS MEMBRANE
CYANOSIS
REDDENED AREA OF SKIN D/T INCREASED BLOOD FLOW
ERYTHEMA
DIFFUSED REDNESS OF FACE RELATED TO EMOTION, FEVER AND INC TEMPERATURE
FLUSHING
TINY RED OR PURPLE HEMORRHAGIC SPOTS D/T CAPILLARY BLEEDING
PETECHIAE
NO PERCEPTIBLE PULSE EVEN WITH MAX PRESSURE
ABSENT - 0
BARELY PERCEPTIBLE , EASILY OBLITERATED WITH SLIGHT PRESSURE, FADES IN AND OUT
THREADY - 1+
DIFFICULT TO PALPATE, OBLITERATED WITH SLIGHT PRESSURE
WEAK - 2+
EASY TO PALPATE, REQUIRES MOD PRESSURE TO OBLITERATE
NORMAL 3+
VERY STRONG HYPERACTIVE, IS NOT OBLITERATED WITH MOD PRESSURE
BOUNDING 4+
ALTERNATES B/W PERIOD OF FEVER AND PERIOD OF NORMAL TEMPERATURE
INTERMITTENT
FLUCTUATES MORE THAN 3.6 F OR 2 C within a 24 hr period but remains above normal
REMITTENT
PERIODS OF FEVER ARE INTERSPERSED WITH NORMAL TEMP, EACH LAST AT LEAST ONE DAY AKA RECURRENT FEVER
RELAPSING
BODY TEMP MAY FLUCTUATE SLIGHTLY BUT IS CONSTANTLY ABOVE NORMAL
CONSTANT
MAS 0
NO INCREASE IN MM TONE
MAS 1
SLIGHT INCREASE IN MM TONE , MANIFESTED BY A CATCH AND RELEASE OR BY MIN RESISTANCE AT THE END OF THE ROM
MAS 1+
SLIGHT INCREASE IN MM TONE, WITH A CATCH, FOLLOWED BY MINIMAL RESISTANCE THROUGHOUT REMAINDER (< HALF OF ROM)
MAS 2
MORE MARKED INCREASED IN MM TONE BUT AFFECTED PART STILL EASILY MOVED
MAS 3
MARKED INCREASE IN MM TONE , PASSIVE MVT IS DIFFICULT
MAS 4
AFFECTED PART RIGID IN FLEXION OR EXTENSION
RAPID UPSTROKE AND DOWNSTROKE AND A SHORTENED PEAK
CORRIGAN’S / WATER HAMMER PULSE
REGULAR PULSE RHYTHM WITH ALTERNATION OF WEAK AND STRONG BEATS
PULSUS ALTERNANS
IRREGULAR PULSE RHYTHM IN WHICH PREMATURE BEATS ALTERNATE WITH SINUS BEATS
PULSUS BIGEMINUS
A STRONG UPSTROKE, DOWNSTROKE AND A SECOND UPSTROKE DURING SYSTOLE
PULSUS BISFERIENS
PULSE WITH A MARKEDLY DECREASED AMPLITUDE DURING INSPIRATION
PULSUS PARADOXUS
PULSUS BISFERIENS INDICATES?
AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY, AORTIC REGURGITATION AND AORTIC STENOSIS
CORRIGAN’S PULSE / WATER HAMMER PULSE
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
PULSUS PARADOXUS MAY INDICATE?
PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE
NORMAL RESPIRATIONS WITH EQUAL RATE AND DEPTH 12-20 CPM
EUPNEA
REGULAR BUT ABNORMALLY DEEP AND INCREASE IN RATE
KUSSMAUL’S RESPIRATION
IRREGULAR SHALLOW ALTERNATING WITH PERIODS OF APNEA
BIOT’S
GRADUAL INCREASE IN DEPTH FOLLOWED BY GRADUAL DECREASE AND THEN A PERIOD OF APNEA
CHEYNE-STOKES BREATHING
APNEA
THE ABSENCE OF BREATHING
SENSATION EXPERIENCED AT A SITE REMOTE FROM POINT OF STIMULATION
ALLESTHESIA
PAINFUL BURNING SENSATION ALONG THE DISTRIBUTION OF NN
CAUSALGIA
PAIN PRODUCED BY A NON NOXIOUS STIMULUS
ALLODYNIA
LOSS OF LIGHT TOUCH SENSIBILITY
THIGMANESTHESIA
TOUCH SENSATION PERCEIVED AS PAIN
DYSESTHESIA
ACCESSORY JT MOTION: ANKYLOSED JT
GRADE 0
ACCESSORY JT MOTION: CONSIDERABLE HYPOMOBILITY
GRADE 1
ACCESSORY JT MOTION: SLIGHT HYPOMOBILITY
GRADE 2
WHAT ACC JT MOTION GRADE/S IS GRADE 1 AND 2 JT MOB INDICATED?
GRADE 1 AND 2
ACCESSORY JT MOTION: NORMAL
GRADE 3
ACCESSORY JT MOTION: SLIGHT HYPERMOBILITY
GRADE 4
ACCESSORY JT MOTION: CONSIDERABLE HYPERMOBILITY
GRADE 5
ACCESSORY JT MOTION: UNSTABLE
GRADE 6
ACCESSORY JT MOTION: JT MOB IS NOT INDICATED AND SURGERY SHOULD BE CONSIDERED?
GRADE 0 AND GRADE 6
ATLEAST 50% BUT NOT FULL ROM AGAINST GRAVITY
3 -
LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY: GRADE 1
0-5 mm
LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY: GRADE 2
6-10 mm
LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY: GRADE 3
11-15 mm
LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY: GRADE 4
> 15 mm
PNS/SNS: hypervigilance
SNS
PNS/SNS: PUPILS CONSTRICT
PNS
PNS/SNS: HR DECREASES
PNS
PNS/SNS: GLUCOSE PRODUCTION AND RELEASE INCREASES
SNS
PNS/SNS: DIGESTION SLOWS
SNS
PNS/SNS: DIGESTION RETURNS
PNS
PNS/SNS: SWEATING INCREASES
SNS
PNS/SNS: SWEATING CEASES
PNS
PNS/SNS: BF TO MM INC , BF TO SKIN AND VISCERA DEC
SNS
PNS/SNS: BF TO SKIN AND VISCERA INC
PNS
PNS/SNS: ACTIVATION OF MASS MM
SNS
PNS/SNS: RELAXATION OF MUSCLES
PNS
PNS/SNS: BP INC
SNS
PNS/SNS: BRONCHODILATION
SNS
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: PARESIS
-
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: CLONUS
+
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: ASSOCIATED RXN
+
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: FATIGUE
-
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: BABINSKI
+
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: EXAGGERATED DTRS
+
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: SYNERGIES
+
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: LOSS OF DEXTERITY
-
(+)/(-) FEATURE OF UMN: DISTURBANCE IN MVT
+
JAW REFLEX
CN V
BICEPS REFLEX
C5-C6
BRACHIORADS REFLEX
C5,C6
TRICEPS REFLEX
C6,C7
ACHILLES REFLEX
S1-S2
LATERAL HAMS REFLEX
S1-S2
MEDIAL HAMS REFLEX
L4-L5
KNEE JERK
L2,L3,L4
UPPER ABDOMINAL REFLEX
T8-T10
LOWER ABDOMINAL REFLEX
T10-T12
GENERALIZED MUSCLE WEAKNESS
ASTHENIA
FLEXOR WITHDRAWAL ONSET AND INTEGRATION
28 WKS OF GESTATION; 1-2 MOS
CROSSED EXTENSION ONSET AND INTEGRATION
28 WKS OF GESTATION; 1-2 MOS
TRACTION ONSET AND INTEGRATION
28 WKS OF GESTATION; 2-5 MOS
MORO ONSET AND INTEGRATION
28 WKS OF GESTATION; 5-6 MOS
STARTLE ONSET AND INTEGRATION
AT BIRTH; PERSISTAS
GRASP ONSET AND INTEGRATION
PALMAR: BIRTH/PLANTAR: 28 WKS OF GESTATION
PALMAR: 4-6 MOS/PLANTAR: 9 MOS.
ATNR ONSET AND INTEGRATION
BIRTH ; 4-6 MOS
STNR ONSET AND INTEGRATION
4-6 MOS ; 8- 12 MOS
STLR ONSET AND INTEGRATION
BIRTH; 6 MOS
ASSOCIATED REACTION ONSET AND INTEGRATION
BIRTH - 3 MOS
8-9 YRS
POSSITIVE SUPPORTING ONSET AND INTEGRATION
BIRTH; 6 MOS
SPINAL/PRIMITIVE REFLEXES
MORO, STARTLE, GRASP, TRACTION, FLEXOR WITHDRAWAL, CROSSED EXTENSION
TONIC/BRAINSTEM REFLEXES
ATNR, STNR, STLR, ASSOCIATED RXNS AND POSITIVE SUPPORTING
INTRINSIC PATHOLOGY OR D/O
DISEASE
ANY LOSS OR ABNORMALITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL OR ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION
IMPAIRMENT
ANY RESTRICTION OR LACK OF ABILITY TO PERFORM AN ACTIVITY IN THE RANGE OF A NORMAL HUMAN
DISABILITY
DISADVANTAGE FOR A GIVEN INDIVIDUAL RESULTING FROM AN IMPAIRMENT OR DISABILITY THAT HINDERS THEM TO FULFILL A ROLE THAT IS NORMAL
HANDICAP
INTERRUPTION OR INTERFERENCE WITH NORMAL PROCESSES AND EFFORTS OF THE ORGANISM TO REGAIN NORMAL STATE
ACTIVE PATHOLOGY
LIMITATION IN PERFORMANCE AT THE LEVEL OF THE WHOLE ORGANISM/PERSON
FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT
FEV1 IN MILD COPD
> 80 %
FEV1 MODERATE COPD
50-80%
FEV1 SEVERE COPD
30-50%
FEV1 VERY SEVERE COPD
< 30%
TRADENAME AND ACTION: ANTICHOLINERGIC
ATROVENT - BRONCHODILATION
TRADENAME AND ACTION: LONG ACTING BETA 2 AGONIST
SEREVENT - BRONCHODILATION
SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTICHOLINERGICS
THROAT IRRITATION,
DRYING OF TRACHEAL SECRETIONS
TACHYCARDIA
PALPITATIONS
SIDE EFFECTS OF SEREVENT
TACHYCARDIA PALPITATIONS GI DISTRESS NERVOUSNESS TREMOR H/A DIZZINESS
CROMOLYN SODIUM/INTAL: ACTION AND SIDE EFFECT
A: PREVENTS INFLAMMATION
S/E: BRONCHOSPASM
THROAT IRRITATION
COUGH
STEROIDS/FLOVENT/PREDNISONE: ACTION AND SIDE EFFECT
A: ANTI-INFLAMMATORY S/E: INC BP SODIUM RETENTION MUSCLE WASTING OSTEOPOROSIS GI IRRITATION ATHEROSCLEROSIS HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA INC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION
LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST/SINGULAIR: ACTION AND SIDE EFFECT
A: BLOCKS ALLERGIC REACTION S/E: GI DISTRESS SORE THROAT URTI DIZZINESS H/A AND NASAL CONESTION
METHYLXANTHINE
AMINOPHYLLINE
THEOPHYLLINE
METHYLXANTHINE: ACTION AND SIDE EFFECT
A: BRONCHODILATION S/E: SEIZURE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS GI DISTRESS TREMOR AND H/A
NORMAL/MINOR/MAJOR CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION/PEAK:
CK MB
0-3% / 5% / 10% / 14-36 hrs
NORMAL/MINOR/MAJOR CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION/PEAK:
LDH
127 IU or 100-225 mU/mL / 300-750 mU/ml / >1000 mu/mL
NORMAL/MINOR/MAJOR CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION/PEAK:
TROPONIN
0-0.2 microgram/ml / 5 / 10 / 24-36 hrs
NORMAL/MINOR/MAJOR CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION/PEAK:
MYOGLOBIN
<100 ng/ml / 200ng/ml / > 500 ng/ml
HR/BP: BETA BLOCKERS
DEC/DEC
HR/BP: NITRATES
INC/DEC
HR/BP: CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
DEC/DEC
HR/BP: DIGITALIS
DEC/NE
HR/BP: DIURETICS
NE/NE or dec
HR/BP: VASODILATORS
INC/DEC
HR/BP: ANTIADRENERGIC AGENTS s selective blockade
DEC/DEC
HR/BP: NICOTINE
INC/INC
FXNAL CLASS OF pt.s c HEART DSE: CLASS 1
4 - 6 cal/min ; 6.5 METS
without limitation in physical activity
ordinary activity - no sx
FXNAL CLASS OF pt.s c HEART DSE: CLASS 2
3-4 cal/min ; 4.5 METS
slight limitation in physical activity
ordinary act - (+) sx
no sx at rest
FXNAL CLASS OF pt.s c HEART DSE: CLASS 3
2-3 cal/min; 3 METS
marked limitation in physical activity
less than normal activity - (+) sx
no sx at rest
FXNAL CLASS OF pt.s c HEART DSE: CLASS 4
1-2 cal/min ; 1.5 MET
(+) sx with any activity and even at rest
inability to carryout any act without discomfort
NORMAL/LV/RV/BV: CVP
0-8 mmHg / 6 mmHg / 12 mmHg / 12 mmHg
NORMAL/LV/RV/BV: PAP
9-19 mmHg / 22 mmHg / 16 mmHg / 22 mmHg
NORMAL/LV/RV/BV: PCWP
6-12 mmHg / 18 mmHg / 10 mmHg / 18 mmHg
ASSOCIATED WITH RV FAILURE
INCREASED CVP
ASSOCIATED WITH LV FAILURE
INCREASE PAP AND PCWP
INPATIENT CARDIAC REHAB: LEVEL 1
1-1.5 METs - ESSENTIALLY BED REST
ARMS SUPPORTED
BED EXERCISES/SITTING DANGLED WITH FEET SUPPORTED
INTRODUCE TO CARDIAC REHAB
INPATIENT CARDIAC REHAB: LEVEL 2
1.5-2 METS - LIMITED ROOM AMBULATION 15-30 mins sitting - 3-4x/day LEG EXERCISES ELECTRIC RAZOR COMMODE PRIVILEDGE HEALING INTERVAL EDUCATE ON RISK FACTORS
INPATIENT CARDIAC REHAB: LEVEL 3
2-2.5 METS - LIMITED HALL AMBULATION ROOM OR HALL AMBULATION ~ 5' - 3-4x/day OPTIONAL STANDING LEG EXERCISES MANUAL SHAVE BATHROOM PRIVILEDGE EDUCATE ON SIZE OF INFARCT AND THE IMPACT OF EXERCISE AND BORG'S RPE
INPATIENT CARDIAC REHAB: LEVEL 4
2.5-3 METs - PROGRESSIVE HALL AMBULATION
HALL AMBULATION 5-7’ - 3-4x/day
STANDING TRUNK EXERCISES
EDUCATE ON PULSE TAKING AND OUTPATIENT CARDIAC REHAB
INPATIENT CARDIAC REHAB: LEVEL 5
3-4 METS - PROGRESSIVE HALL AMBULATION HALL AMBULATION ~ 8-10' ARM EXERCISES OPTIONAL STANDING SHOWER WRITTEN HEP
INPATIENT CARDIAC REHAB: LEVEL 6
4-5 MET - STAIR CLIMBING
FULL FLIGHT OF STAIRS UP AND DOWN ONE STEP AT A TIME
NO EVIDENCE OF HEMODYNAMIC COMPROMISE:
in the HR of beta blocked and non beta blocked pts.
beta blocked: not >12 bpm
non: not >20 bpm
NO EVIDENCE OF HEMODYNAMIC COMPROMISE: SBP
no drop: >10 mmHg
no rise: >30 mmHg
NO EVIDENCE OF HEMODYNAMIC COMPROMISE: RPE
<13/20
NON INVASIVE TEST TO EXAME LE FOR ISCHEMIA, FOLLOWING ELEVATION, LOWERING OF THE LIMB SHOULD RETURN THE SKIN OF THE LIMB TO A PINK COLOR, IF DARK RED AND TAKES >30s = (+) arterial insufficiency
RUBOR TEST FOR DEPENDENCY
FOR BOTH ARTERIAL AND VENOUS CIRCULATION, CHANGES IN LE VOLUME TESTED DURING REST, STANDING AND LIGHT WALKING; DETECTS VENOUS OBSTRUCTION AND ARTERIAL INFLOW
AIR PLETHYSMOGRAPHY (APG)
FOR ARTERIAL CIRCULATION, SPECIAL PROVE AND A HEATING ELEMENT MEASURE PROFUSION, MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN AT SKIN LEVEL = what’s happening at cellular level
PREDICTIVE FOR HEALING OF ULCERS AND AMPUTATION WOUNDS
TRANSCUTANEOUS OXYGEN (TcPO2)
MEASURES BLOOD FLOW IN SKIN using a modified laser doppler probe
PREDICTIVE FOR HEALING OF ULCERS AND AMPUTATION WOUNDS
SKIN PERFUSION PRESSURE (SPP) measurement
TIME IT TAKES FOR THE VEINS ON TOP OF FOOT TO REFILL IS RECORDED
VENOUS FILLING TIME
VENOUS FILLING TIME:
(N) VALUE
ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY
VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
15s
>15s
<15s
LE IN DEPENDENT POSITION, PALPATE GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN DISTAL TO KNEE with ONE HAND, other hand proximal to knee 6”(15.2cm), percuss,
positive if wave of fluid is felt at distal site = poss VALVULAR INCOMPETENCY
PERCUSSION TEST
MEASURES TIME REQUIRED TO REFILL THE VEINS IN THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT; elevate foot, place tourniquet at thigh to prevent backflow
trendelenburg test
TRENDELENBURG TEST: if within 5s veins distend before tourniquet is released?
VALVULAR INCOMPETENCE OF DEEP VEINS
TRENDELENBURG TEST: if within 5s veins distend after tourniquet is released?
VALVULAR INCOMPETENCE OF SUPERFICIAL VEINS
PURPLE OR MAROON LOCALIZED AREA OF DISCOLORED INTACT SKIN OR BLOOD FILLED BLISTER
SUSPECTED DEEP TISSUE INJURY
TISSUE IS PAINFUL , FIRM, MUSHY , BOGGY, WARMER OR COOLER COMPARED TO ADJACENT TISSUE
SUSPECTED DEEP TISSUE INJURY
INTACT SKIN WITH NONBLANCHABLE REDNESS
STAGE 1
AREA MAY BE PAINFUL, FIRM, SOFTER, WARMER, OR COOLER COMPARED TO ADJACENT TISSUE
STAGE 1
PARTIAL THICKNESS SKIN LOSS OF DERMIS
STAGE 2
SHALLOW OPEN ULCER WITH A RED PINK WOUND BED
STAGE 2
FULL THICKNESS TISSUE LOSS , SUB Q VISIBLE
STAGE 3
UNDERMINING / TUNNELING
STAGE 4
FULL THICKNESS WITH EXPOSED BONE , TENDON, MUSCLE
STAGE 4
FULL THICKNESS LOSS, BASE FILLED WITH SLOUGH(YELLOW, TAN, GRAY, GREEN/BROWN) AND ESCHAR
UNSTAGEABLE
DRAINAGE: CLEAR
TRANSUDATED
DRAINAGE: CLEAR OR TINGE OF RED/BROWN
SEROSANGUINEOUS
DRAINAGE: CREAMY, YELLOWISH
EXUDATE
DRAINAGE: YELLOW, BROWN
PUS
DRAINAGE: HUES OF YELLOW, BLUE, GREEN
INFECTED PUS
AFFECTED PRIMARY MOTOR AREA AND MEDIAL ASPECT OF CORTEX AND INTERNAL CAPSULE
C/L HEMIPARESIS LE>UE - ACA
AFFECTED PRIMARY SENSORY AREA AND MEDIAL ASPECT OF CORTEX
C/L HEMISENSORY LOSS LE>UE - ACA
AFFECTED CORPUS CALLOSUM
PROBLEMS WITH IMITATION AND BIMANUAL TASKS, APRAXIA
AFFECTED PM ASPECT OF SUPERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS
URINARY INCONTINENCE
VBA OCCLUSION: I/L PARALYSIS WITH ATROPHY OF HALF THE TONGUE WITH DEVIATION TO PARALYZED SIDE WHEN TONGUE IS PROTRUDED
MEDIAL MEDULLARY SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: TETRAPLEGIA
COMPLETE BASILARY ARTERY OR LOCKED IN
VBA OCCLUSION: DYSPHAGIA AND DYSPHONIA
HORNER’S SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: I/L PARALYSIS OF CONJUGATE GAZE TO SIDE OF LESION
MEDIAL AND LATERAL INFERIOR PONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: I/L NYSTAGMUS
WALLENBURG AND MEDIAL INFERIOR PONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: DEAFNESS AND TINNITUS
LATERAL INFERIOR PONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: I/L DIPLOPIA AT LATERAL GAZE
MEDIAL INFERIOR PONTINE
VBA OCCLUSION: (B) CRANIAL NN PALSY
COMPLETE BASILAR ARTERY
VBA OCCLUSION: COMA
COMPLETE BASILAR ARTERY
VBA OCCLUSION: HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL NYSTAGMUS, NAUSEA, VOMITING AND VERTIGO
LATERAL INFERIOR PONTINE
VBA OCCLUSION: IMPAIRED TACTILE AND PROPRIOCEPTIVE SENSE
MEDIAL MEDULLARY AND MEDIAL INFERIOR PONTINE
VBA OCCLUSION: LIMB AND GAIT ATAXIA
LATERAL MEDULLARY AND MEDIAL INFERIOR PONTINE
VBA OCCLUSION: C/L IMPAIRED PAIN AND THERMAL SENSE OVER 50% OF BODY
HORNERS AND LATERAL INFERIOR PONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: DEVIATION OF EYES
MEDIAL MIDPONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: ATAXIA OF LIMBS
MEDIAL AND LATERAL MIDPONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: PARALYSIS OF MM OF MASTICATION
LATERAL MIDPONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: INTERNUCLEAR OPTHALMOPLEGIA
MEDIAL SUPERIOR PONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: LOSS OF OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS
LATERAL SUPERIOR PONTINE SYNDROME
VBA OCCLUSION: LOSS OF TOUCH VIBRATION AND POSITION SENSE MORE IN LE THAN UE
LATERAL SUPERIOR PONTINE SYNDROME