Summaries

Question 1

What is the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 1

Transition from hunter-gatherer societies to farming and settled life.

Increased food security, population growth, and emergence of permanent villages.

Question 2

When did the Neolithic Revolution occur?

Answer 2

Approximately 7000 - 3000 BC.

Question 3

Where did the Neolithic Revolution take place?

Answer 3

Mainland Greece, Thessaly (Sesklo, Dimini), Aegean Islands.

Question 4

What artifacts are associated with the Neolithic period?

Answer 4

Sesklo & Dimini settlements, Franchthi Cave evidence of early farming and obsidian trade.

Question 5

What technologies were developed during the Neolithic period?

Answer 5

Pottery for food storage, polished stone tools, first woven textiles.

Question 6

What significant development occurred in the Early Bronze Age?

Answer 6

Metallurgy: Copper + Tin = Bronze tools & weapons.

Question 7

What cultures emerged during the Early Bronze Age?

Answer 7

Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures.

Question 8

Where was the Minoan Civilization located?

Answer 8

Crete.

Question 9

What type of government did the Minoan Civilization have?

Answer 9

Palace-centered redistributive economy.

Question 10

What writing system did the Minoans use?

Answer 10

Linear A (undeciphered).

Question 11

What was a key aspect of Minoan religion?

Answer 11

Matriarchal, Great Goddess worship, bull-leaping rituals.

Question 12

What was the economy of the Minoan Civilization based on?

Answer 12

Maritime trade powerhouse, exporting olive oil, wine, textiles, and pottery.

Question 13

What are some notable Minoan artworks?

Answer 13

Frescoes such as Dolphin Fresco and Prince of Lilies.

Question 14

What caused the collapse of the Minoan Civilization?

Answer 14

Likely Mycenaean conquest and the eruption of Thera (~1628 BC).

Question 15

Where was the Mycenaean Civilization located?

Answer 15

Mainland Greece (Mycenae, Tiryns, Pylos).

Question 16

What type of government did the Mycenaean Civilization have?

Answer 16

Centralized wanax (king) and lawagetas (military leader).

Question 17

What writing system did the Mycenaeans use?

Answer 17

Linear B (earliest Greek script, deciphered).

Question 18

What was the economy of the Mycenaean Civilization based on?

Answer 18

Palace-controlled taxation and extensive bronze weapon production.

Question 19

What was a significant event described in the Mycenaean period?

Answer 19

The Trojan War, described in Homer’s Iliad.

Question 20

What caused the Bronze Age Collapse?

Answer 20

Invasions (Sea Peoples), internal conflicts, and earthquakes.

Question 21

What happened during the Iron Age (Dark Age)?

Answer 21

Mycenaean collapse led to poverty, depopulation, and loss of writing.

Question 22

What technological advancement occurred in the Iron Age?

Answer 22

Iron tools replaced bronze, being stronger and cheaper.

Question 23

What significant development occurred around 800 BC?

Answer 23

Emergence of Polis (city-states).

Question 24

What major literary works did Homer compose?

Answer 24

Iliad & Odyssey around 750 BC.

Question 25

What was Draco’s Law Code?

Answer 25

First written laws in Athens, known for being extremely harsh.

Question 26

What were Solon’s Reforms?

Answer 26

Abolished debt slavery and restructured the class system in Athens.

Question 27

What did Cleisthenes introduce?

Answer 27

Democracy, including ostracism and the Council of 500.

Question 28

What was the outcome of the Battle of Marathon?

Answer 28

Athens won using a flanking strategy against the Persians.

Question 29

What was significant about the Battle of Thermopylae?

Answer 29

Spartan King Leonidas led 300 Spartans; Persians won but suffered huge losses.

Question 30

What was the turning point of the Persian Wars?

Answer 30

The Battle of Salamis, where the Greek navy trapped the Persian fleet.

Question 31

What was the outcome of the Battle of Plataea?

Answer 31

Greeks defeated the remaining Persian forces, ending the invasion.

Question 32

What political structure evolved in Athens?

Answer 32

Monarchy → Oligarchy → Tyranny → Democracy (Cleisthenes, 508 BC).

Question 33

What was the political structure of Sparta?

Answer 33

Dual kingship, Gerousia (Council of Elders), Ephors (5 magistrates).

Question 34

What rights did Spartan women have?

Answer 34

Owned land and trained physically.

Question 35

What was the status of Athenian women?

Answer 35

Had no political rights and were restricted to domestic roles.

Question 36

What was the economic activity of the Minoans?

Answer 36

Maritime traders between Crete, Egypt, and the Levant.

Question 37

What was the economic activity of the Mycenaeans?

Answer 37

Palace-controlled taxation and exports of olive oil and pottery.

Question 38

What was introduced around 600 BC in Archaic Greece?

Answer 38

Coinage, originating from Lydia to Athens.

Question 39

What was the Hoplite Phalanx?

Answer 39

A tight formation used in heavy shield-wall combat.

Question 40

What type of warships dominated the Persian Wars?

Answer 40

Triremes, warships with three banks of oars.

Question 41

What were the Panhellenic Institutions?

Answer 41

Olympic Games (founded 776 BC) and the Delphic Oracle.

Question 42

What styles of Greek pottery emerged?

Answer 42

Geometric (900 BC), Black-Figure (700 BC), Red-Figure (600 BC).

Question 43

What architectural styles were prominent in ancient Greece?

Answer 43

Doric and Ionic Temples, such as the Parthenon and Temple of Hera.