Summary

Question 1

are highly specialized protein molecules that act
as biochemical catalysts. Enzymes have common names that provide
information about their function rather than their structure. The suffi x
-ase is characteristic of most enzyme names

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

There are six classes of enzymes based on
function: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomeses and ligaes

Answer 2

Enzyme Classification

Question 2

Simple enzymes are composed only of protein
(amino acids). Conjugated enzymes have a nonprotein portion
(cofactor) in addition to a protein portion (apoenzyme). Cofactors
may be small organic molecules (coenzymes) or inorganic ions

Answer 2

Enzyme structure

Question 3

te is the relatively small
part of the enzyme that is actually involved in catalysis. It is where
substrate binds to the enzyme

Answer 3

enzyme active site

Question 4

the active site in an
enzyme has a fi xed, rigid geometrical conformation. Only substrates
with a complementary geometry can be accommodated at the active site

Answer 4

Lock and fit model of enzyme activity

Question 5

Enzyme activity is a measure of the rate at which
an enzyme converts substrate to products. Four factors that affect
enzyme activity are temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzymes concentration

Answer 5

Enzyme activity

Question 5

The active site in an
enzyme can undergo small changes in geometry in order to accommodate a series of related substrates

Answer 5

Induced fit model of enzymes

Question 6

An enzyme inhibitor slows or stops the normal
catalytic function of an enzyme by binding to it. Three modes of inhibition are reversible competitive inhibition, reversible noncompetitive inhibition, and irreversible inhibition

Answer 6

Enzyme inhibition

Question 7

An allosteric enzyme is an enzyme with two or
more protein chains and two kinds of binding sites (for substrate and regulator

Answer 7

allosteric enzyme

Question 8

. A zymogen is an inactive precursor of a proteolytic
enzyme; the zymogen is activated by a chemical reaction that removes
to part of its structure

Answer 8

Zymogen

Question 9

Covalent modifi cation is a cellular process
for regulation of enzyme activity in which the structure of an enzyme
is modifi ed through formation of, or breaking of, a covalent bond. The
most commonly encountered type of covalent modifi cation involves a
phosphate group being added to, or removed from, an enzyme

Answer 9

Covalent modification

Question 10

is an organic compound necessary in small
amounts for the normal growth of humans and some animals

Answer 10

Vitamins