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Neuro Honors > Summative Brain Mapping Test 11/16 > Flashcards

Summative Brain Mapping Test 11/16 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

specialized cells which receive, conduct, and transmits electrochemical signals, vital for the nervous system function

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2
Q

soma/cell body

A

the formation and production of NT, the metabolic base and houses the nucleus (which has the dna)

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3
Q

dendrites

A

treelike receiving zones for neurotransmitters

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4
Q

axon

A

single projection off soma carrying electrical impulses (1 true axon)

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5
Q

collateral axon

A

loose wire, communicates with many other cell dendrites

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6
Q

recurrent collateral axon

A

type of collateral axon that communicates with the sending circuit

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7
Q

axon hillock

A

cone shaped region at the soma and axon. The sute of the first electrical charge

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8
Q

myelin

A

fatty insulation around the axon in white matter. It protects the axon

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9
Q

node of ranvier

A

gaps within the myelin for electrical signals (and ions) to pass through and enter or exit the cell, the flow of material

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10
Q

Terminal buton (button)

A

end of axon holding synaptic vesicle (bulb at end). Sends signals to other neurons

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11
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

storage bin/bladder for neurotransmitters. Signals to release neurotransmitters by electrical messages in the axon.

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12
Q

synapse

A

-the gap between the adjacent neurons, no touching.
-20 nm (billionths of a meter)
the site of transfer of neurotransmitters
-pre and post-synaptic membranes
-end of axon/new cell dendrite

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13
Q

meninges

A

cushion between your brain and skull
pia mater (innermost)
arachnoid
dura mater (outermost)

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14
Q

meningitis

A

-viral, inflammation of meninges (flu-like symptoms)
-fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, compromised mental status
-BACTERIAL
-viral and seizure, coma
-brain damage, hearing loss

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15
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

-supports and cushions the brain/spinal chord
-produced by the choroid plexus (network of blood vessels similar to blood make-up)

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16
Q

blood brain barrier

A

another vital line of defense against harmful materials to the brain
-impedes proteins and hormones (chemical and pharmaceutical challenge)

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17
Q

PLANES OF MOTION

A

frontal
sagittal
transverse
anterior
posterior
medial
lateral
dorsal
ventral

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18
Q

frontal

A

abduction and adduction

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19
Q

sagittal

A

flexion and extension

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20
Q

transverse

A

rotation

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21
Q

anterior

A

frontal

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22
Q

posterior

A

back

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23
Q

medial

A

inside (midline)

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24
Q

lateral

A

outside (away from midline)

25
DORSAL
top/back ex: back, butt, calves, and the knuckle side of the hand
26
VENTRAL
bottom/front ex: chest, abdomen, shins, palms, and soles.
27
5 major sections of the human brain
telencephalon diencephalon myelencephalon metencephalon mesencephalon
28
Telencephalon
L&R hemisphere 4 lobes (8 in total) ANOTHER NAME FOR IT: cerebrum directs: motor (voluntary), sensory, learning and memory, language and communication brain tissue (sulci and gyri) cerebral cortex corpus callosum FPOT (Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe) Limbic system
29
sulci
a grove, crevice, or furrow to allow CSF to circulate in the cerebral cortex
30
gyri
a ridge on the cerebral cortex
31
cerebral cortex
highest on the intellectual function sensory: perception, motor, reasoning, thought, and language
32
Corpus callosum
band of fibers which connect the L&R hemispheres of the brain
33
Occipital lobe
the visual processing center visual cortex the primary visual cortex is the brodmann area
34
temporal lobe
-involved in auditory perception -important for the processing of somatics in speech -contains the hippocampus and plays a key role in long term memory (LTM) -emotion regulated
35
frontal lobe
dopamine-sensitive neurons in the cerebral cortex -socially accepted emotions/behaviors -non-task LTM -Future executive decision-making, problem solving, planning and speech 3 main divisions: prefrontal cortex premotor area motor area
36
parietal lobe
-sensory perception for determining spatial sense and navigation -knowledge of #s and their relations -manipulation of objects
37
limbic system
amygdale- almond shape and is the fear response and behaviors hippocampus- seahorse shape, long term memory septum- olfaction basil ganglia- motor (movement)
38
Diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
39
thalamus
relay and processes info to the cerebral cortex (sensation, spatial sense, motor signals, regulations of consciousness, sleep, alertness)
40
hypothalamus
relay and processes internal regulation to the pituitary gland (hunger, hormones, thermoregulation, etc)
41
Mesencephalon (MIDBRAIN)
tectum and tegmentum
42
tectum (roof)
superior colliculi: relay station for vision optic nerve/chiasm inferior colliculi: relay station for auditory
43
tegmentum
substantia nigra (latin for black surface) -part of the basil ganglia -reward, addiction, fine motor, movement -dopamine
44
Metencephalon
pons and cerebellum
45
pons
life functioning (most protected) breathing, heart (rate and pressure), blood pressure, motor control, sensory analysis -primitive (simple) part of the brain and is similar to reptiles
46
Cerebellum (little brain, ventral to the occipital region)
stored motor responses posture coordinated movement PROPRIOCEPTION (6th sense) attention, language, and emotional function. regulation of fear and pleasure responses balance motor program in cerebellum and awareness of where we are in space
47
Myelencephalon
medulla
48
medulla oblongata
last part before the spinal cord cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, swallowing, reflexes, and waste removal. -Autonomic nervous system control (Blood Pressure and Heart Rate)
49
Brain Stem
Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon Diencephalon Vital for life functions (if destroyed=death)
50
Glia Cells
10-1 ratio Astrocyte Microglia Schwann Oligodendrocytes mini cells
51
Astrocyte
(very small and star shape) largest of all glia (found in the blood brain barrier) Redirects blood and nutrients
52
Microglia
(housekeeping cells) Cleans waste (the vast majority of glia cells)
53
schwann
only in the PNS produces myelin
54
Oligodendrocytes
only in CNS produces myelin
55
Hydrocephalus
water on brain abnormal accumulation of CSF in ventricles Not too much CSF
56
Nerve root
dorsal roots: Afferent (top back) and is involved in sensory ventral roots: efferent (front bottom) and is involved in motor
57
Nissl stain
works with Alois Alzheimer Stains RNA blue Uses basic Aniline
58
golgi stain
identifies neurons with potassium dichromate and silver nitrate

Neuro Honors (14 decks)

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