Unit 2 Test Review Flashcards
CNS
-Nerves protected by bone
-not able to go through mitosis after a disease/injury
-highest on the hierarchy
-potential of stem cells or cancer cells (positive outlook)
**brain and spinal cord
Somatic Nervous System
-of the body
-voluntary control of movements
-afferent nerves (to the brain/sensory)
-efferent nerves (motor response)
-2 lane highway
autonomic nervous system
-regulates “automatic” functions
-homeostasis
-afferent and efferent
Two divisions of ANS? (The efferent nerves)
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
-flight or fight mechanism
-bodies response to stress
-homeostasis
-nerves from lumbar and thoracic regions
parasympathetic nervous system
-body activity at rest
-SLUDD–salvation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation
-rest and digest
-nerves from brain and sacrum
Meninges
PAD:
-Pia mater (innermost)
-arachnoid
-Dura mater (outermost)
cerebrospinal fluid
-supports and cushions the brain/spinal chord
-produced by the choroid plexus
-network of blood vessels similar to blood make-up
blood brain barrier
-another vital line of defense against harmful materials to the brain
-impedes proteins and hormones
-chemicals
-pharmaceutical challenge
Neurons
-specialized cells that receive, conduct, and transmit electrochemical signals
-vital for nervous system function
soma/cell body
-metabolic base and holds DNA
dendrites
-treelike receiving zone for neurotransmitter
axon
-single projection off soma carrying electrical impulse
collateral axon
-loose wire and communicates with many other cell dendrites
recurrent collateral axon
-type of collateral
-communicates with the sending circuit
-closed circuit for same action
axon hillock
-cone shaped region at the soma and axon that houses the first electrical impulse
myelin
-fatty insulation around axon in white matter, protects the axon
node of ranvier
-gaps in the myelin for electrical signal, it lets ions enter and exit through these gaps.
node of ranvier
-gaps in the myelin for electrical signal, it lets ions enter and exit through these gaps.
terminal bouton (button)
-end of axon holding synaptic vesicle
synaptic vesicle
-storage bin/bladder for neurotransmitter
-signaled to release NT by electrical message in axon
synapse
-gap between adjacent neurons that are not touching
-20 nm
-site of transfer of neurotransmitter
-pre and post synaptic membranes
-end of axon/new cells dendrite
Planes of motion
frontal: abduction and adduction
sagittal: flexion and extension
transverse: rotation
anterior- front
posterior- back
medial- inside (midline)
lateral-outside- away from midline
dorsal: top/back
ventral: bottom/front
dorsal
relating to the back or posterior of a structure. Some of the dorsal surfaces of the body are the back, buttocks, calves, and the knuckle side of the hand.
