Summer assessment 2

Question 1

what are ions?

Answer 1

charged particles

Question 2

What is ionic bonding between?

Answer 2

a metal and non-metal

Question 3

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 3

oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic attrations

Question 4

What does ionic bonding form?

Answer 4

giant ionic structure

Question 5

Describe giant ionic structure?

Answer 5

• ions held together by closely packed 3D lattice arrangement
• strong electrostatic attraction
• high melt + boiling point
• not electrical conductors when solid, only when dissolve in water or melt them

Question 6

Definition of covalent bond?

Answer 6

strong electrostatic attraction between negatively charged shared electrons and the positively changed nuclei of the atoms involved

Question 7

Describe simple molecular structures?

Answer 7

• very strong covalent bond
• weak intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules
• low melting and boiling point

Question 8

Describe giant covalent structures?

Answer 8

• strong covalent bond
• high melting and boiling
• dont conduct electricity
• insoluble in water

Question 9

Describe diamond?

Answer 9

• network of carbon atoms with four covalent bonds
• strong covalent bonds
• high melting point
• hard rigid lattice structure
• doesnt conduct

Question 10

Describe graphite?

Answer 10

• each carbon forms three covalent bonds
• layers of carbon atoms with weak intermolecular forces which can slide over each other making it slippery and soft
• high melt and boil
• one delocalised electron and can conduct electricity

Question 11

Describe C60 fullerene?

Answer 11

• hollow sphere with 60 carbon atoms
• intermolecular foces which can slide over each other - soft
• one delcocalised but cant move molecules so poor conductor

Question 12

What is the name of group 7?

Answer 12

halogens

Question 13

What happens as atomic number increases for halogens?

Answer 13

elements have darker colour and a higher boiling point

Question 14

Describe chlorine?

Answer 14

poisonous green gas

Question 15

Describe bromine?

Answer 15

red-brown liquid gives off orange vapour at room temperature

Question 16

Describe iodine?

Answer 16

dark grey crystalline solid which gives off purple vapour when heated

Question 17

When do salts form?

Answer 17

when acids react with bases in a neutralisation reaction

Question 18

acid + base = ?

Answer 18

salt + water

Question 19

acid + metal oxide =?

Answer 19

salt + water

Question 20

acid + metal hydroxide =?

Answer 20

salt + water

Question 21

acid + ammonia =?

Answer 21

ammonium salt

Question 22

acid + metal carbonate=?

Answer 22

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 23

Test for chlorine?

Answer 23

bleaches damp blue litmus paper, turning it white

Question 24

test for oxygen?

Answer 24

relights a glowing splint

Question 25

test for CO2

Answer 25

turns limewater cloudy

Question 26

test for hydrogen

Answer 26

squeaky pop with lit splint

Question 27

test for ammonia?

Answer 27

turns damp red litmus paper blue

Question 28

test for water?

Answer 28

copper sulfate crystals become blue

Question 29

What two ways can you find formula using experiments?

Answer 29

combustion reaction and reduction reaction

Question 30

What is the combustion reaction for finding the empirical formula?

Answer 30

1. heat crucible till red hot ( cleans it) 2. cool and then weigh 3. add magnesium ribbon, reweigh 4. heat with magnesium 5. heat for 10 mins or until magnesium turned white 6. cool and reweigh

Question 31

What is the reduction reaction for finding empirical formula?

Answer 31

1. weigh rubber bung and test tube with small hole in end 2. add some copper oxide into middle of tube 3. reinsert bung and weigh 4. expel air by turning on gas 5. light bunsen and heat for 10 mins or change from black to brown pink 6. cool and weigh

Question 32

What does soluble mean?

Answer 32

dissolve in water

Question 33

What does an insoluble salt form?

Answer 33

percipitate

Question 34

Which substances are soluble?

Answer 34

``` sodium potassium ammonium nitrates chlorides ( not silver or lead) sulfates ( not lead barium and calcium ```

Question 35

Which substances are insoluble?

Answer 35

carbonates ( not sodium potassium and ammonium) | hydroxides ( not sodium potassium and calcium)

Question 36

how do to make a soluble salt?

Answer 36

by reacting an acid that contains one of the ions you want and an insolube base with the other ion

Question 37

Explain process of making soluble salts?

Answer 37

- heat acid in water bath - add base to acid until in excess - filter off excess - heat gently using bunsen to slowly evaporate water - leave to dry and crystalise then filter solid salt

Question 38

What are alkanes?

Answer 38

saturated hydrocarbons

Question 39

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 39

chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 40

alkanes general formula?

Answer 40

CnH2n+2

Question 41

name the first five alkanes?

Answer 41

``` methane ethane propane butane pentane ```

Question 42

WHat do alkanes burn in?

Answer 42

combustion reactions

Question 43

What does complete combustion of alkane make?

Answer 43

carbon dioxide + water

Question 44

What can alkanes react with? to form?

Answer 44

halogens to make haloalkanes

Question 45

what is needed for the substitution reaction?

Answer 45

UV light

Question 46

Methane + bromine =?

Answer 46

bromomethane + hydrogen bromide