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pharm II > summer exam 2 > Flashcards

summer exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

which types of medications are indicated for type 1 DM

A

insulin

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2
Q

which types of medications are indicated for type 2 DM

A

diet, oral agents &/or insulin

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3
Q

which types of medications are indicated for gestational diabetes

A

-dietary control is initial management
-insulin can be safely during pregnancy and after delivery

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4
Q

which types of medications are contraindicated for gestational diabetes pts

A

oral DM meds

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5
Q

what laboratory test is the best indicator of a client’s average blood sugar?

A

Hgb A1C- measures average BG over 8-12 weeks

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6
Q

diabetes Hgb A1C %

A

> 6.5%

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7
Q

steps to mixing insulin

A
  1. roll cloudy insulin in palms to mix
  2. clean tops of vials
  3. inject air into cloudy
  4. inject air into clear
  5. inject clear
  6. inject cloudy
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8
Q

which insulins are safe to mix in the same syringe?

A

anything except glargine (Lantus)

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9
Q

what effects can occur to breast milk when administering insulin?

A

decreases mother’s supply when using insulin

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10
Q

glyburide is a ____. therefore, a client with a ____ allergy should not take this medication.

A
  • sulfonylurea
  • sulfa
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11
Q

what additional education should a nurse provide to a client about taking glyburide?

A

take 30 mins prior to meals to ensure it has absorbed prior to intake of food

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12
Q

metformin works on the ____ to decrease ____ production from the liver and to decrease ____ ____ of glucose.

A
  • glucose
  • intestinal absorption
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13
Q

metformin also decreases insulin ____ in metabolic syndrome.

A

resistance

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14
Q

pioglitazone works to decrease insulin ____

A

resistance

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15
Q

clients with a history of ____ ____ should not take pioglitazone.

A

CHF or pulmonary edema

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16
Q

how would a nurse know a client has a potential adverse cardiac issue requiring intervention while taking pioglitazone?

A

weight gain = immediate evaluation by PCP

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17
Q

mimetics work by. . .

A

mimicking the the incretin hormones, which normally tell your body to release insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas and suppress glucagon

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18
Q

glucagon increase blood glucose by. . .

A

stimulating glycogenolysis

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19
Q

how can glucagon be administered?

A

IVP, IM, subq

20
Q

antacids promote secretion of protective defenses in what ways?

A

mucus- protective barrier against HCL
bicarbonate- helps buffer acidic properties of HCL

21
Q

what are the adverse effects of a magnesium antacid?

A

diarrhea

22
Q

which acid-base imbalance might occur with magnesium antacids?

A
  • magnesium accumulation
    -dangerous when used with renal failure- failing kidney cannot excrete extra magnesium, causing accumulation
23
Q

what are the adverse effects of sodium bicarbonate antacid?

A
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • sodium content may cause increase in fluid retention with HF, HTN, or renal insufficiency
24
Q

what acid-base imbalance might occur with sodium bicarbonate antacids?

A
  • metabolic alkalosis with long-term or excess use
25
Q

what side effects should a nurse be aware of when a client is taking a calcium antacid?

A

-may cause constipation and kidney stones
-long duration of acid action- may cause rebound hyperacidity

26
Q

when educating client about proton pump inhibitors, they should be instructed to not ____ the capsule and the medication will take ____ to ____ weeks to be fully ____.

A
  • crush
  • 6, 8
  • effective
27
Q

what is a potential effect from long-term use of a proton pump inhibitor

A

may impair B12 absorption, causing pernicious anemia

28
Q

ondansetron is commonly used for ____ in the post-operative phase and for nausea associated with the administration of ____.

A
  • n/v
  • chemotherapy
29
Q

a client has been nauseated and receiving medication to relieve this symptom post operatively. the client begins exhibiting EPS such as lip smacking. what medication has the client most likely been receiving for nausea?

A

promethazine (Phernergan)

30
Q

what are the other s/s of EPS the client might start exhibiting?

A

twitching, lip smacking, grimacing, tremors, eye blinking

31
Q

sulfasalazine is newly prescribed to a 15 year old client. what should be included in the teaching for the client and the parent?

A
  • take in divided doses to decrease adverse effecta
  • take on an empty stomach
  • drink a lot of water while taking to prevent crystalluria
  • wear long sleeves when exposed to sunlight d/t photosensitivity
  • may increase risk of hypoglycemia
32
Q

insulin lispro (Humalog), insulin aspart (NovoLog) onset, peak, duration

A
  • o: 15 min
  • p: 1-2 hr
  • d: 3-5 hr
33
Q

regular insulin (Humulin R or Novolin R) onset, peak, duration

A
  • o: 30-60 min
  • p: 2.5 hr
  • d: 6-10 hr
34
Q

isophane insulin suspension (NPH) onset, peak, duration

A
  • o: 1-2 hr
  • p: 4-8 hr
  • d: 10-18 hr
35
Q

glargine (Lantus) onset, peak, duration

A
  • o: 1-2 hr
  • p: no peak
  • d: 24 hr
36
Q

detemir (Levemir) onset, peak, duration

A
  • o: 1-2 hr
  • p: 3-14 hr
  • d: 24 hr
37
Q

rapid-acting insulin

A

insulin lispro (Humalog), insulin aspart (NovoLog)

38
Q

short-acting insulin

A

regular insulin (Humulin R or Novolin R)

39
Q

intermediate-acting insulin

A

isophane insulin suspension (NPH)

40
Q

long-acting insulin

A

glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir)

41
Q

insulin mix

A

Humulin 70/30, Novolog 70/30

42
Q

glucophage (Metformin) class

A

biguanide

43
Q

pioglitazone (Actos) class

A

thiazolidinediones

44
Q

sitagliptin (Januvia), exenatide (Byetta) class

A

incretin enhancers: mimetics

45
Q

which DM oral medication helps with weight control/how?

A
  • sitagliptin (Januvia), exenatide (Byetta)- MIMETICS
  • by increasing feeling of satiety

pharm II (11 decks)

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