Summer Exam Specific Flashcards by Arnav Krishnan

What occurs during the fetch stage? (4 things)

address from the program counter is copied to the memory address register
the instruction held at that address is copied to the memory data register
simultaneously the contents of the program counter is increased by 1
the value of the memory data register is copied to the current instruction register

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What occurs during the decode stage?

the contents of the CIR is split into opcode and operand, happens in the decoder

Addresses sent to MAR, Actual data to MDR or ALU/ACC

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What occurs during the execute phase?

the opcode is executed on the data

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What is the clock speed?

the number of clock cycles completed per second

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What is cache memory?

the CPU’s onboard memory which can be accessed a lot faster than main memory

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What is the function of the STA mnemonic?

to store the value in the accumulator at the given memory address

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What is the function of the BRP mnemonic? (2 things)

to branch to a given address if the value in the accumulator is positive
it is a conditional branch

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What is the function of the opcode? (2 things)

to specify the instruction to be performed and the addressing mode
the operand holds a value, related to the data on which the instruction is to be performed

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What are the 4 addressing modes?

immediate addressing
direct addressing
indirect addressing
indexed addressing

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What is a class? (2 things)

a template for an object that defines the state and behaviour of an object
on object is an instance of a class

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What are 2 disadvantages of object orientated languages?

requires a different style of thinking, which can be difficult for programmers accustomed to other paradigms to pick up
generally unsuitable for smaller problems

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What does ROM stand for?

read only memory

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What is meant by the term non-volatile in storage?

information is not lost when power is lost

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Is ROM volatile or non-volatile?

non-volatile

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What are the 3 functions of the BIOS when running tests upon computer start up?

POST which ensures all hardware is correctly connected and functional
checks the CPU clock, memory and processor
tests for external memory devices

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What does POST stand for?

power on self test

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Which of these scheduling algorithm are pre-emptive or non pre-emptive?

FCFS, SRT, SJF, MLFQ, RR

pre-emptive - RR, SRT, MLFQ

non-pre-emptive - FCFS, SJF

What is an advantage of using multilevel feedback queues for scheduling?

hard to implement

What is an advantage of using multilevel feedback queues for scheduling?

services most urgent interrupts first

What is server side processing?

when a client sends information to a server for processing

What is client side processing?

when information is processed on a local device

What is the pagerank algorithm?

the algorithm used to determine the order, when showing web results for a search engine query

What 2 factors determine a page rank?

the number of incoming links it has from other web pages
the page rank of the web pages that link to it

What are protocols?

a set of rules defining how 2 devices communicate with each other

Why are protocols standard?

so devices from different manufacturers dont have problems communicating

What is the structure of the internet?

the internet is a global network of interconnected networks

What does TCP stand for?

transmission control protocol

What does IP stand for?

internet protocol

What is the function of the application layer during data transmission?

the application layer specifies what protocols need to be used, to relate the application to what it is being used for

What is the 2 roles of the transport layer during data transmission?

- to establish an end-to-end connection between the source and destination computer - to split up data into packets

What is the role of the network layer during data transmission?

adds the source and destination IP addresses

What is the function of the link layer during packet transmission?

adds the MAC addresses to the packet

What does the application layer do when it recieves data?

presents data in the form it was sent

What does the transport layer do when it recieves data?

removes the port number and reassembles the packets

What does the link layer do when it recieves data?

a network spread over a small geographical area or positioned on a single site

What is client-server networking? (2 things)

- a relationship between terminals (computer) and a single server, - which allows them to communicate and share resources

What are 3 advantage of client-server networking?

- increased security - central single backups - data and resources can be shared

What are 2 disadvantages of client-server networking?

- expensive to set up - trained staff are required to maintain the network

What is peer-to-peer networking?

a network where the terminals are all connected to each other to share resources

What are 3 advantages of peer-to-peer networks?

- cheaper to set up - easy to maintain - easy to share resources

What are 2 disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks?

- they can be used to contribute towards piracy - each computer has to be backed up independently