sunday monday Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
what where the 2 rivers called
A
Tigris and the Euphrates
2
Q
what place was in between the 2 rivers
A
Mesopotamia
3
Q
what dose Mesopotamia mean
A
Greek for the land ‘between the rivers
4
Q
what language is the word Mesopotamia in
A
Greek for the land ‘between the rivers
5
Q
where is Mesopotamia located
A
Mesopotamia is not in Africa, but in Asia
6
Q
though still not so very far from our part of the world, in a region called
A
the Middle East
7
Q
The Tigris and the Euphrates join together and then flow out into the
A
Persian Gulf.
8
Q
One such mound, standing in the desert, is all that remains of ______, once the greatest city on earth
A
Babylon
9
Q
what was the greatest city on earth
A
Babylon
10
Q
what place would everyone go to trade
A
Babylon
11
Q
Upstream, at the foot of the mountains, sits another. This was ______, the second greatest city in the land.
A
Nineveh
12
Q
what is the second greatest city of all time
A
Nineveh
13
Q
Babylon was the capital of the
A
Babylonians
14
Q
that’s easy enough to remember—Nineveh was that of the
A
Assyrians
15
Q
Many tribes and many kings held power at different times. The most important of these were the
A
Sumerians
16
Q
The Babylonians, and the Assyrians. For a long time it was thought that the ______ were the first people to have everything that goes to make up what we call a culture:
A
Egyptians
17
Q
what makes up culter
A
towns and tradesmen, noblemen and kings, temples and priests, administrators and artists, writing and technical skills.
18
Q
Yet we now know that, in some respects, the Sumerians were ahead of the ______.
A
Egyptians
19
Q
Excavations of rubble mounds on plains near the Persian Gulf have revealed that the people living there had already learnt how to shape bricks from clay and build houses and temples by _____ BC
A
3100
20
Q
Deep inside one of the largest of these mounds were found the ruins of the city of Ur where, so the Bible tells us, ______ was born.
A
Abraham
21
Q
A great number of tombs were also found that appeared to date from the same time as ______ Great Pyramid in Egypt
A
Cheops’s
22
Q
But while the pyramid was empty, these tombs were packed with the most astonishing treasures
A
Dazzling golden headdresses and gold vessels for sacrifices, gold helmets and gold daggers set with semi-precious stones. Magnificent harps decorated with bulls’ heads, and—would you believe it—a gameboard, beautifully crafted and patterned like a chessboard. The explorer who found these treasures took many of them to England
23
Q
Magnificent harps decorated with bulls’ heads, and—would you believe it—a gameboard, beautifully crafted and patterned like a chessboard. The explorer who found these treasures took many of them to _____
A
England
24
Q
where you can see them in the British Museum. Others are in the University of Pennsylvania and the Museum of _______
A
Baghdad in Iraq.
25
They also found round seals and inscribed clay tablets in those tombs. However, the inscriptions were not in hieroglyphs, but in a totally different script that was, if anything, even harder to decipher. This was because these pictures had been replaced by neatly incised single strokes ending in a small triangle, or wedge. The script is called ______
cuneiform
26
what dose cuneiform mean
meaning wedge-shaped
27
Books made of ____ were unknown to Mesopotamians. They inscribed these signs into tablets of soft clay, which they then baked hard in ovens
papyrus
28
Huge numbers of these ancient tablets have been found, some recounting long and wonderful stories, such as that of the _______ and his battles with monsters and dragons.
hero Gilgamesh
29
in the story hero Gilgamesh what did he say he was fighting
monsters and dragons.
30
There are also tablets on which _______ recorded their business dealings—contracts, receipts, and inventories of goods—and thanks to these we know that, even before the Babylonians and Assyrians, the ancient Sumerians were already great traders
merchants
31
Their ______ could calculate with ease, and plainly knew the difference between what was lawful and what was not.
merchants
32
One of the first Babylonian kings to rule over the whole region left a long and important inscription, engraved in ______.
stone
33
It is the oldest law-book in the world, and is known as _______.
the Code of Hammurabi
34
So it is worth remembering when King Hammurabi lived: around ______ BC
1700
35
that is some ______ years ago.
The Babylonians, and the Assyrians after them, were disciplined and hardworking, but they didn’t paint cheerful pictures like the Egyptians
3700 years ago
36
Most of their statues and reliefs show kings
out hunting or inspecting kneeling captives bound in chains, or foreign tribes-people fleeing before the wheels of their chariots, and warriors attacking fortresses.
37
The kings look ______, and__________
forbidding, and have long black ringlets and rippling beards. They are also sometimes shown making sacrifices to Baal, the sun god, or to the moon goddess Ishtar or Astarte
38
For both the Babylonians and the Assyrians worshiped the ______ and the _______
sun and moon and stars
39
On clear, warm nights, throughout the year and over centuries, they observed and recorded everything they saw in the skies. And because they were intelligent, they noticed what
they noticed that the stars revolved in a regular way. They soon learnt to recognize those that seemed fixed to the vault
40
In those days people thought that the earth was a ______________
flat disk, and that the sky was a sort of hollow sphere cupped over the earth that turned over it once each day.
41
Today we know that these are the stars that are close to us, and that they turn with the earth around the sun. They are called ____. But the ancient _____ and _____ couldn’t know that
planets Babylonians Assyrians
42
They gave a name to each wandering star and observed them constantly, convinced that they were powerful beings whose positions influenced the destinies of men, and that by studying them they would be able to predict the future. This belief in the stars has a Greek name: astrology.
Greek name: astrology.
43
Some planets were believed to bring good luck, others misfortune: Mars meant _____ and Venus, _____
war and love
44
To each of the five planets known to them they dedicated a day, and with the sun and the moon, that made seven. This was the origin of our seven-day week
seven-day week
45
Would you ever have guessed that our weekdays had such a strange and venerable history, reaching back all those ______?
thousands of years
46
what are ziggurats
ziggurats. These are tall, broad towers made up of terraces piled one on top of another with formidable ramps and steep, narrow staircases.
47
at the top of ______ was a temple dedicated to the moon, or one of the other planets.
ziggurats
48
People came from far and wide to ask the _____ to read their fortunes in the stars, and brought offerings of great value.
priests
49
These half-ruined ziggurats can still be seen today, poking out of the rubble mounds, with _____
inscriptions
50
telling how this or that king built or restored them. The earliest kings in this region lived as long ago as _____ BC, and the last around 550 BC.
3000 and 550
51
Where was the Jewish Civilization located in ancient times?
Between Egypt and Mesopotamia
52
The Jewish people were first conquered and ruled by the __________, and then the __________ would invade.
Answer not listed
53
What is a "monotheistic herdsman"?
Monotheism: The doctrine or belief that there is only one God.
Herdsman: A man who herds, tends, or manages livestock.
54
In what way did the Ancient Jews make history rather than being part of history?
They didn’t just become part of history, they made history—and by that I mean they shaped the course of all history to come. And this special something was their religion."
55
Which of the following would the Ancient Jews not describe their God as creating?
Songs and stories
56
Complete the Sentiment: The Ancient Jewish God "was he who raged furiously against them in the storm, but he never __________."
Abandoned his people
57
Complete the Sentiment: "And the songs of their deeds, which were the deeds of their god, are the __________."
The Old Testament of the Bible
58
Where is the story of Abraham located, and where is Abraham from?
Genesis, Ur
59
Abraham was probably alive at the same time as whom?
King Hammurabi
60
Name This Biblical Story: "God was angry at their pride and stopped them ... by making them all speak different languages so that they could no longer understand one another."
The Tower of Babel
61
What is the Tower of Babel about?
Babylonian ziggurats
62
Name the Biblical Book: "And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigor: and they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar and in brick…
Exodus
62
Which biblical figure was sold yet became a counselor and minister to the pharaoh?
Joseph, Son of Jacob
63
"In the end, __________ led [the Jews] out of Egypt into the desert ... From there they tried to win back the promised land—that is, the land in which their ancestors had lived since the time of Abraham
Moses
64
"And finally, after long, cruel, and bloody battles, they succeeded. So now they had their own small kingdom, with its capital: __________."
Jerusalem
65
The Jews' "first king was __________, who fought against a neighboring tribe, the __________, and died on the battlefield."
Saul, Philistines
66
"__________ was a wise and just king who ruled soon after 1000 BC" and who "built the first Temple of Jerusalem."
Solomon
67
What was found at the innermost part of the Jewish temple?
he tablets of the Laws with their Ten Commandments
68
What were the names of the two kingdoms that arose after Solomon's reign?
After Solomon’s reign things went less well for the Jews. Their kingdom split in two: the kingdom of Israel and the kingdom of Judah."
69
Choose the vocabulary that best fits. These people who __________ to their flocks eventually sang of a better and stronger and more __________ god whom they worshiped.
tended, exalted
70
Choose the vocabulary that best fits: "Nowhere else will you find so many stories about ancient times so __________ told" because of how clear and intense the storytelling is
Vividly
71
Choose the vocabulary that best fits: Deep inside the __________ temples, there were images of other gods, and through the word of the Jewish people's __________, they heard again and again about their own suffering.
Deep inside the heathen temples, there were images of other gods, and through the word of the Jewish people's prophets, they heard again and again about their own suffering.
Heathen: An adherent of a religion that does not worship the God of Judaism, Christianity, or Islam.
Prophet: A person who speaks by divine inspiration or as the interpreter through whom the will of a god is expressed.
72
Choose the vocabulary that best fits: "And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with __________: and they made their lives __________ with hard __________."
rigor, bitter, bondage
73
In the book of __________, Moses leads his people out of Egypt into the desert.
Exodus
74
Which of the following things did King Nebuchadnezzar not do?
Destroyed the city of Judah
75
Where was the Jewish Civilization located in ancient times?
"Between Egypt and Mesopotamia
76
The Jewish people were first conquered and ruled by the __________, and then the __________ would invade.
Egyptians, Babylonians
77
What is a "monotheistic herdsman"?
A person who herds animals and believes in one god
78
In what way did the Ancient Jews make history rather than being part of history?
Through their religion
79
Which of the following would the Ancient Jews not describe their God as creating?
Songs and stories
80
Complete the Sentiment: The Ancient Jewish God "was he who raged furiously against them in the storm, but he never __________.
"It was he who raged furiously against them in the storm, but he never abandoned his people.
81
And the songs of their deeds, which were the deeds of their god, are the Old Testament of the Bible.
Complete the Sentiment: "And the songs of their deeds, which were the deeds of their god, are the __________."
82
Where is the story of Abraham located, and where is Abraham from?
There’s the story of Abraham, for example. Do you remember where he came from? The answer is in the Book of Genesis, in chapter eleven. He came from Ur in the Chaldees.
83
Abraham was probably alive at the same time as whom?
But Abraham didn’t live there in the earliest times. He was probably alive at the time of Hammurabi, the great lawgiver, which was—as you remember!—around 1700 BC.
84
Name This Biblical Story: "God was angry at their pride and stopped them ... by making them all speak different languages so that they could no longer understand one another."
The people of a great city tried to build a tower that would reach up to heaven, and God was angry at their pride and stopped them building any higher by making them all speak different languages so that they could no longer understand one another
85
What is the Tower of Babel about?
Babel is Babylon. So now you will be able to understand the story better. For, as you know, the Babylonians really did build gigantic towers ‘the top of which reached even to the heavens,’ and they built them so as to be nearer to the sun, the moon, and the stars.
86
Which biblical figure was sold yet became a counselor and minister to the pharaoh?
One of Abraham of Ur’s descendants (the Bible tells us) was Joseph, son of Jacob, whose brothers took him to Egypt and sold him, despite which he became a counselor and minister to the pharaoh."
87
Name the Biblical Book: "And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigor: and they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar and in brick
In the first chapter of Exodus we read: 'And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigor: and they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar and in brick
88
In the end, __________ led [the Jews] out of Egypt into the __________ ... From there they tried to win back the promised land—that is, the land in which their ancestors had lived since the time of __________."
Moses, desert, Abraham
89
And finally, after long, cruel, and bloody battles, they succeeded. So now they had their own small kingdom, with its capital
And finally, after long, cruel, and bloody battles, they succeeded. So now they had their own small kingdom, with its capital: Jerusalem."
90
The Jews' "first king was __________, who fought against a neighboring tribe, the __________, and died on the battlefield."
Their first king was Saul, who fought against a neighboring tribe, the Philistines, and died on the battlefield
91
"__________ was a wise and just king who ruled soon after 1000 BC" and who "built the first Temple of __________."
Solomon, Jerusalem
92
What was found at the innermost part of the Jewish temple?
the tablets of the Laws with their Ten Commandments
93
What were the names of the two kingdoms that arose after Solomon's reign?
The Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah
94
Choose the vocabulary that best fits. These people who __________ to their flocks eventually sang of a better and stronger and more __________ god whom they worshiped.
These people who tended to their flocks eventually sang of a better and stronger and more exalted god whom they worshiped.
95
Choose the vocabulary that best fits: "Nowhere else will you find so many stories about ancient times so __________ told" because of how clear and intense the storytelling is.
Vividly
96
Choose the vocabulary that best fits: Deep inside the __________ temples, there were images of other gods, and through the word of the Jewish people's __________, they heard again and again about their own suffering.
heathen, prophets
97
Choose the vocabulary that best fits: "And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with __________: and they made their lives __________ with hard __________."
And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigor: and they made their lives bitter with hard bondage."
Rigor: A harsh or trying circumstance; a hardship or difficulty.
Bitter: Causing a sharply unpleasant, painful, or stinging sensation; harsh.
Bondage: The state of one who is bound as a slave or serf.
98
In the book of __________, Moses leads his people out of Egypt into the desert.
Exodus
99
Which of the following things did King Nebuchadnezzar not do
Destroyed the city of Judah
