superficial modalities Flashcards by sophia carrasco

what is a deep heating modality (up to 5cm)

ultrasound

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what is attenuation

decrease in energy intensity due to absorption of energy by tissues

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pertaining to ultrasound absorption increased as the ___ increased

frequency

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what kind of tissues have a high rate of absorption

tissues high in protein

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what absorbs the least ultrasound energy

blood and fat

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how mm or nerve have a higher absorption

mm has a higher absorption rate then nerve

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what absorbs more ultrasound energy than any of the other tissues

bone

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what is the effective radiating area for the ultrasound

the portion that produces the sound wave

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what is the amount of effective radiating area for the treatment area

2-3x ERA

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what kind of beam nonuniformity ratio is better

average intensity , the lower the better 2:1, 3:1, 1:1

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what are the 4 ultrasound setting

duty cycle
frequency
intensity
treatment time

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what type of duty cycle shoudl you use for tissue healing and stable fractures (1st 2weeks)

pulsed (on and off cycles) bc it is non thermal

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what is the continuous duty cycle for ultrasound

100% on the whole time and has thermal effects

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what is the frequency range on a ultrasound

.75 - 3 MHz

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what frequency do you use for greater depth for deeper tissues

1 MHz (up to 5 cm)

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what frequency is used for shallower depth for superficial tissues for ultra sound

3 MHz (1-3 cm)

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higher intensity = ____ tissue heating = __ shorter treatment time for ultrasound

higher and shorter

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higher frequency = ____ rate of heating = __ shorter treatment time for ultrasound

faster and shorter

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what ultrasound effect and temp increase would u use for acute injury , edema and healing

nonthermal and no temp increase

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what ultrasound effect and temp increase would u used for subacute injury hematoma

mild thermal effect and 1°C for temp increase

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what ultrasound effect and temp increase would u use for chronic inflammation pain and trigger points

moderate thermal effect and 2° C for temp increased

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what ultrasound effect and temp increase would u use for stretch collagen

vigorous effect and 4 °C temp increased

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what do you use non thermal pulsed ultrasound for

acute injury , edema , healing

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waht is the typical treatment time for ultrasound

5-10 mins

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when will there be tissue damage for ultrasound

45° C

what is phonophoresis

delivery of medication using ultrasound

what is monophasic currents used for

stimulate sensory , motor t and pain

what kind of wave is HVPC

paired monophasic

if you need more force for HVPC what do u increased

intensity and frequency

what is the duty cycle for HVPC for these treatment goals ○ NMR: ○ Muscle pump: ○ Reduce atrophy: ○ Strengthening: ○ ROM:

○ NMR: 1:5 🡪 1:3 🡪 1:1 as fatigue tolerates ○ Muscle pump: 1:1 ○ Reduce atrophy: 1:5 ○ Strengthening: 1:5 ○ ROM: 1:1 or 1:5 depending on fatigue, as tolerated

for Reduction of atrophy what HVPC do u do

move thru gravity resisted range , 25% of MVIC , 3x10 reps 2x a day

FOr increasing ROM what HVPC should u do

move thru gravity resisted range - 90 mins daily -

what is the use of electrical current to drive ions into the body

iontophoresis

what is a continuous direct current to deliver medicinal agents

iontophoresis

what iontophoresis ● Repels positive ions/attracts negative ions ● Acidic effect

anode (+)

what iontophoresis ● Repels negative ions/attracts positive ions ● Alkaline effect

cathode (-)

the number of ions transferred thru the skin is directly related to what 3 things

○ Duration of treatment ○ Current density ○ Concentration of ions in the solution

what is the intensity , current density , and tine for iontophoresis

intensity - 3-5 mA current: `.1-.5 time: 10-20 mins

● Analgesia ● Calcium deposits (bone spurs) ● Dermal ulcers ● Edema reduction ● Fungal infections ● Hyperhidrosis ● Muscle spasms ● Musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions- tendonitis these are all indications for what

iontophoresis

what is Used to measure motor unit action potentials (MUAP) generated by active muscles

biofeedback

biofeedback back Signals are detected, amplified, and converted to audiovisual signals used to reinforce ____ ____ .

voluntary control

what is an Electronic or mechanical instrument used to help patient develop greater voluntary control via relaxation or neuromuscular re-education

biofeedback

what can biofeedback measure

● Skin temperature ● Skin conductance ● Vasoconstriction or pulse via phototransmission ● EMG activity (surface and within muscle) ● Pressure

what is biofeedback used for

● Relaxation of overactive/guarding muscles ● Neuromuscular re-ed of inhibited/weak muscles ● Continence training/pelvic floor ● Coordination ● Relaxation ● Pain

what EMG biofeedback sensitivity should it be from relation training (attempt to reduce feedback to zero)

high

what EMG biofeedback sensitivity should it be for NMR (attempt to increase biofeedback)

low

larger temp difference= ___ energy transfer smaller temp difference= ___ energy transfer

faster slower

what is the temperature regulating center of the brain

hypothalamus

what are teh 4 ways heat transmission occurs

● Conduction ● Convection ● Radiation ● Conversion

what is the Transfer of energy (not necessarily heat) to the body without physical contact.

radiation

what are examples of conversion heat transmission

ultrasound and diathermy

what is the fastest to slowed heat transfer

radiation then conversion then convection then conduction

what is increased in general heat application

Cardiac output Metabolic rate Pulse rate Respiratory rate Vasodilation

what is decreased in general heat application

Blood pressure Muscle activity (sedentary effect) Blood flow to internal organs Blood flow to resting muscle Stroke volume

what is pains mechanism for decreased physiological response to local heat

Presynaptic inhibition of A delta and C fibers via activation of A beta fibers (_gate theory), disruption of pain-spasm cycle

what phase of healing would u use heat

subacute - chronic

what temp is there a therapeutic response to thermotherapy

40-45°C

how many layers of towels should u do for heat

6-8 layers

when should u do a skin check for a hot pack

at 5 mins

what is the method of hydrotherapy

convection

what will a patient feel as a [hysiologci response for Cyrotherapy

cold burning aching numbness