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Anatomy II Exam 3 > Superficial Neck > Flashcards

Superficial Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which pharyngeal arches form. The. Hyoid bone?

A
  • second -> Lesser cornu, upper part of hyoid bone

- third -> greater cornu, lower part of body of hyoid

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2
Q

What innervates the platysma?

A

-cervical branch of facial nerve

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3
Q

What innervates both the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius?

A

-spinal accessory nerve

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4
Q

What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • lateral flexion with rotation
  • extension at atlanto-occipital joints
  • flexion of cervical vertebrae (when person is supine)
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5
Q

What are the two primary types of torticollis? Shortening of SCM

A
  1. Fibromatosis colli: fibrous tissue accumulates in the muscle; most common in neonates
  2. muscular torticollis: wry neck, can be congenital- infants; birth trauma-infants; muscular or nerve injury
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6
Q

What are the 5 fascial compartments?

A
  1. Superficial fascia
  2. Investing layer
  3. Pre tracheal layer
  4. Prevertebral layer
  5. Alar fascia and carotid sheath
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7
Q

What does a superficial lateral dissection reveal?

A
  • trapezius
  • SCM
  • cutaneous cervical branches -> lesser occipital(C2), greater auricular (C2-3), transverse cervical (C2-3), supraclavicular (C3-4)
  • external jugular
  • cervical-dorsal vein
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8
Q

What lateral structures are deep to the investing fascia?

A
  • accessory n
  • dorsal scapular n
  • nerve to levator scapulae
  • roots of brachial plexus
  • phrenic nerve
  • scalene muscles
  • splenius capitis
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9
Q

What is Erb’s point?

A

-nerve block area in the lateral cervical region, check picture

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10
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

-a loop of nerves from the cervical plexus that carry somatomotor innervation to most of the infrahyoid muscles in the neck

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11
Q

What nerves supply the pharyngeal arches?

A
  • first -> trigeminal
  • second -> facial
  • third -> glossopharyngeal
  • fourth and sixth -> superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
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12
Q

Where is the mylohyoid? Innervation? Action?

A
  • nerve to mylohyoid from inferior alveolar nerve
  • trigeminal
  • elevate hyoid and tongue
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13
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid? Action?

A
  • C1 via the hypoglossal

- shorten mouth floor

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14
Q

Innervation of digastrics and actions?

A

Anterior belly: mandibular division of trigeminal

Posterior belly: facial nerve

-depress mandible, steady hyoid

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15
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • digastrics
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16
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
17
Q

Innervation and actions of sternohyoid and omohyoid.

A
  • ansa cervicalis

- depress and steady hyoid

18
Q

Innervation and actions of sternothyroid.

A
  • ansa cervicalis

- depress hyoid and larynx

19
Q

Innervation and actions of thyrohyoid.

A
  • C1 via the hypoglossal

- depress hyoid and elevate larynx

20
Q

What are the anterior vertebral muscles?

A
  • longus colli
  • longus capitis
  • rectus capitis anterior
  • anterior scalene
21
Q

What does the longus colli do?

A

-flex neck, rotate opposite unilaterally

22
Q

What does the longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, and anterior scalene do?

A

-all three flex the neck

23
Q

What are the lateral vertebral muscles?

A
  • rectus capitis lateralis
  • splenius capitis
  • levator scapulae
  • middle and posterior scalenes
24
Q

What does the rectus capitis lateralis do?

A

-flex and stabilize head

25
Q

What does the splenius capitis do?

A

-laterally flex and rotate head to same side, bilaterally extend head

26
Q

What does the levator scapulae do?

A

-elevate scapula and tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly

27
Q

What do the middle and posterior scalenes do?

A

-flex neck laterally, elevate 2nd rib

28
Q

What are the sympathetics of the neck?

A

-superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglion

29
Q

What is the parasympathetic Innervation of the neck?

A

-vagus nerve

Anatomy II Exam 3 (4 decks)

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