Deep Face Flashcards
1
Q
What does the temporal fossa contain? Where is it?
A
- contains the temporal and infra temporal fossa
- temporal fossa is the space found superior to the zygomatic arch
- infratemporal fossa is the space found inferior to the zygomatic arch
2
Q
What are the bones of the temporal fossa?
A
- squamous part of temporal bone
- greater wing of sphenoid
- frontal bone
- zygomatic arch and bone
- infratemporal and anterior surface of maxilla
- mandible
3
Q
What is the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
-ramus of mandible
4
Q
What is the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
-maxilla
5
Q
What is the medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
-lateral pterygoid plate
6
Q
What is the roof of the infratemporal fossa?
A
-sphenoid
7
Q
What is the posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
-tympanic plate and mastoid and styloid processes
8
Q
What is the inferior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
-angle of mandible
9
Q
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?
A
- inferior portion of temporalis m
- lateral and medial pterygoids
- maxillary a
- pterygoid venous plexus
- inferior alveolar n (V3)
- lingual n (V3)
- buccal n (V3)
- chorda tympani (CN VII)
- otic ganglion
10
Q
What innervates the muscles of mastication?
A
-trigeminal nerve, mandibular division (V3)
11
Q
What do the muscles of mastication do?
A
-move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
12
Q
What are the four paired muscles of mastication?
A
- temporalis
- massester
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
13
Q
What muscles function of close the jaw?
A
- temporalis
- masseter
14
Q
What is the function of the medial pterygoid?
A
-elevates and protracts the mandible
15
Q
What opens the mandible?
A
- gravity
- anterior digastric
- lateral pterygoid (inferior part)
16
Q
Muscles of elevation
A
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
17
Q
Depression of temporomandibular joint
A
- lateral pterygoids
- suprahyoid
- infrahyoid
18
Q
What muscles protrude the temporomandibular joint?
A
- lateral pterygoids
- masseter
- medial pterygoids
19
Q
Muscles of retrusion
A
- temporalis
- masseter
20
Q
Muscles of lateral movements
A
- ipsilateral temporalis
- contralateral pterygoids
- masseter
21
Q
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
A
-curl, squeeze, and fold the tongue during chewing and speaking
22
Q
What is the origin of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
A
-originate on other head and neck structures and insert on tongue
23
Q
What are the functions of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
A
- used in various combos to accomplish the precise, complex, and delicate tongue movements required for proper speech
- manipulate food within in mouth in preparation for swallowing
24
Q
What are the extrinsic tongue muscles?
A
- palatoglossus
- styloglossus
- hyoglossus
- genioglossus
25
Where does the genioglossus originate and what is its function?
- originate on mandible
| - protracts tongue
26
Origin and function of styloglossus
- originate on styloid processes of temporal bone
| - elevate and retract the tongue (pulls tongue back into mouth)
27
Origin and function of hyoglossus
- originate at hyoid bone and insert on sides of tongue
| - depress and retract the tongue
28
Origin and function of palatoglossus
- originate on soft palate
| - elevate posterior portion of tongue
29
What is another name for the throat?
=pharynx
30
What are the primary pharynx muscles? What do they do?
- pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, inferior)
- initiates swallowing and force the bolus inferiorly into the esophagus
- help elevate or tense the palate when swallowing
31
According the Stern's rule, the root tensor means the muscle is innervated by what?
-CN V -> trigeminal
32
According the Stern's rule, the prefix "palat-" means the muscle is innervated by what?
-CN X -> vagus
33
According to Stern's rule, the suffix "-glossus" means the muscle is innervated by what?
-CN XII -> hypoglossal
34
What kind of joint is a tooth?
-gomphosis
35
What is the pterygopalatine fossa?
-small pyramid shaped space that is found inferior to the apex of the orbit
36
What are the openings in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Superior: opens into inferior orbital fissure
Inferior: closed except for palatine foramen
37
Anterior border of pterygopalatine fossa
Maxillary tuberosity
38
Posterior border of pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygoid process of sphenoid
39
Medial border of pterygopalatine fossa
Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
40
Lateral border of pterygopalatine fossa
Opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure
41
Roof of pterygopalatine fossa
Incomplete -> greater wing of sphenoid
42
Floor of pterygopalatine fossa
Pyramidal process of palatine bone
43
What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?
- maxillary nerve (V2)
- pterygopalatine ganglion
- 3rd part of maxillary artery
44
What does the maxillary nerve split into?
- zygomatic nerve
| - pterygopalatine nerves
45
What does the zygomatic nerve split into?
- zygomaticofacial nerve
| - zygomaticotemporal nerve -> has communicating branch conveying parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal nerve
46
Outline the parasympathetics in the pterygopalatine fossa.
- parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion are from facial nerve via the greater petrosal nerve
- greater petrosal n + deep petrosal n forms nerve of pterygoid canal
- parasympathetic fibers from the great petrosal n supply the pterygopalatine ganglion
47
Outline the sympathetics of the pterygopalatine fossa.
- deep petrosal n arises from internal carotid plexus and conveys post synaptic fibers which join branches of the maxillary n via the pterygopalatine ganglion -> do not synapse there
- presynaptic parasympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
48
What constitutes the bony part of the nose?
- nasal bones
- frontal process of maxilla
- nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine
- bony part of nasal septum
49
What constitutes the cartilaginous part of the nose?
- 2 lateral cartilages
- 2 alar cartilages
- septal cartilage
50
Except for the vestibule, all of the nose is lined with __________.
Nasal mucosa
51
How is the nasal mucosa attached to the periosteum?
-firmly connect to the periosteum of the bony parts of the nasal cavity and the perichondrium of the cartilaginous nasal components
52
The areas lined with nasal mucosa constitute the ___________ and _____________.
- respiratory area (inferior 2/3)
| - olfactory area (superior 1/3)
53
What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?
Roof: frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone
Floor: palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone
Medial wall: nasal septum
Lateral wall: superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
54
The nasal conchae divide the nasal cavity into 4 passages. What are these four passages and what are the openings in these?
1. Spheno-ethmoidal recess (opening of sphenoid sinus)
2. Superior nasal meatus (openings of ethmoid all sinuses)
3. Middle nasal meatus (opening of frontal and maxillary[posterior] sinus)
4. Inferior nasal meatus (opening of nasolacrimal duct)
55
What supplies most of the lateral and medial wall blood of the nasal cavity?
-maxillary artery
+sphenopalatine a
+anterior and posterior ethmoidal a
+greater palatine a
-facial artery
+superior labial a
+lateral nasal branches
56
What is the venous drainage of the nose?
-drains to sphenopalatine, facial, and opthalmic veins
57
What is the Kiesselbach area?
- where all 5 arteries come together in a capillary bed
| - can bleed profusely
58
What innervates the nasal cavity?
- posterior 2/3 via V2 -> nasopalatine n (nasal septum) and greater palatine n (lateral wall)
- anteriosuperior nasal mucosa of septum and lateral wall is V1 via the anterior ethmoidal nerves
59
What are the paranasal sinuses?
- air filled extensions of the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity
- found in frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones
- lined with nasal mucosa
Drain into the nasal cavity via openings in the spheno-ethmoidal recess, and superior, middle, and inferior meatuses
60
Describe the maxillary sinus.
- largest
| - drains via the maxillary ostium into middle meatus
61
Describe the ethmoid sinus.
- ethmoid air cells located between orbits
- anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into middle meatus
- posterior cells drain into superior meatus
62
describe the sphenoid sinus.
- unevenly divided by bony part of nasal septum
| - drains via spheno-ethmoidal recess
63
Describe the frontal sinus.
- between outer and inner tables of frontal bone, posterior to super ciliary arches
- drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
64
What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
V1 -> opthalmic
V2 -> maxillary
V3 -> mandibular
65
What are the 3 general parts of ear?
- external
- middle
- internal
66
What portions of the ear transfer sound to the inner ear?
-external and middle ear
67
What does the external ear do?
-captures and funnels acoustic signals through the tympanic membrane
68
What does the middle ear do?
-contains the ear ossicles that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear where hearing and equilibrium are found
69
Where is the middle ear found?
-petrous part of the temporal bone
70
What connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx
- pharyngotympanic tube/Eustachian tube
| - lined with mucus membrane
71
What are the contents of the middle ear?
- auditory ossicles
- stapedius and tensor tympani muscles
- chorda tympani n (taste to ant 2/3 tongue from CN VII)
- tympanic plexus of nerves
72
What are the boundaries of the middle ear?
Roof: tegmental wall
Floor: jugular wall
Lateral: membranous wall/tympanic membrane
Medial: labyrinthine wall
Anterior: carotid wall
Posterior: mastoid wall
73
Characteristics of auditory ossicles.
- span between tympanic membrane to oval window
- covered with mucus membrane, but no periosteum
- stapedius -> stapes
- tensor tympani -> malleus
74
Where is the internal ear?
- contains vestibulocochlear organ (hearing and equilibrium)
- buried deep within petrous part of temporal bone within otic capsule (hardest part of the bone)
- receives vestibulocochlear n (CN VIII) via internal acoustic meatus
75
What is the cochlea?
-she'll shaped part of bony labyrinth containing cochlear duct, concerned with hearing
76
What is the vestibule?
-small oval chamber containing utricle, saccule, vestibular labyrinth for balance
77
What are the semicircular canal?
- communicated with vestibule
| - also for balance
78
What is the internal acoustic meatus?
-a narrow canal within the petrous part of the temporal bone that transmits the facial n, vestibulocochlear n, and blood vessels through the internal ear
79
What artery supplies the internal ear? What supplies that?
-labyrinthine a artery comes from anterior inferior cerebellar artery
