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Anatomy Exam 3 > Superficial Neck And Triangles > Flashcards

Superficial Neck And Triangles Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Superficial Fascia

A

Platysma, External and Anterior jugular veins, Cervical Plexus-Superficial Branches, Superficial Cervical Lymph nodes

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2
Q

Superficial muscle of facial expression

A

Platysma

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3
Q

Platysma attachments

A

origin: inferior border of the mandible, and superficial fascia of the lower face
insertion: superficial fascia that covers the upper thorax and deltoid muscle

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4
Q

Platysma action/innervation

A

pulls the angle of mouth downward, tightens and pulls the skin of the neck upward (grimace); facial nerve (cervical branch)

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5
Q

Anterior Jugular Vein

A

drains the anterior superficial neck, runs down midline; not everyone has one

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6
Q

External Jugular Vein

A

drains superficial scalp and head (brain)

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7
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

C1-C5 muscular and cutaneous branches (sensation and muscle)

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8
Q

Cutaneous nerves

A

(branches of cervical plexus) lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical(across neck), supraclavicular(runs down toward clavicle)

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9
Q

Superficial Cervical Lymph Nodes

A

drainage from organs; Preauricular, Submental, Submandibular, Tonsilar, Anterior Cervical, Posterior Cervical, Supraclavicular, and Post Auricular nodes

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10
Q

Preauricular lymph node located

A

in front of ear

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11
Q

Submandibular lymph node located

A

along mandible

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12
Q

Anterior Cervical lymph node located

A

along sternocleidomastoid

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13
Q

Deep Cervical Fascia

A

comprised of the investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral layers

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14
Q

Investing layer of DCF encloses

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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15
Q

Investing layer of DCF attachments (superior and inferior)

A

sup: superior nuchal line, zygomatic arch, mastoid process, mandible, and hyoid bone
inf: manubrium, clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula

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16
Q

Investing Layer of DCF forms

A

capsule for the parotid and submandibular gland (salivary glands)

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17
Q

Investing Layer of DCF continues with

A

the ligamentum nuchae

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18
Q

Pretracheal layer is ______ to the prevertebral layer

A

anterior

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19
Q

superior nuchal line

A

runs down the middle of the back of the neck

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20
Q

Pretracheal layer of DCF extends from _____ to ______

A

extends from the hyoid bone to the middle mediastinum where it continues with the fibrous pericardium

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21
Q

Pretracheal layer of DCF encloses

A

infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus

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22
Q

Pretracheal layer of DCF forms

A

carotid sheath, fascial sheaths that surround the intermediate tendons of the digastric and omohyoid muscles

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23
Q

Carotid Sheath formed by

A

pretracheal fascia mainly, though it blends with all layers of the cervical fascia

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24
Q

Carotid sheath crossed by

A

the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid

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25
Carotid sheath extends from ______ to ______.
extends from the base of the cranium to the root of the neck
26
Carotid sheath contains
common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
27
Carotid sheath is pierced by
the ansa cervicalis
28
Carotid communicates through the_____ with the ____.
pretracheal fascia with the posterior mediastinum
29
Ansa cervicalis
nerve plexus; loop anterior to jugular vein
30
Prevertebral layer of DCF forms
a sheath that covers the prevertebral and lateral muscles and the axillary sheath around the axillary vessels and roots of the brachial plexus
31
Prevertebral layer of DCF contains
the cervical part of the sympathetic trunk and associated ganglia
32
Prevertebral layer of DCF blends with
the endothoracic fascia and anterior longitudinal ligament
33
Prevertebral layer of DCF constitutes the posterior boundary of the_______ that continues with the _____
retropharyngeal space that continues with the posterior mediastinum
34
hyoid bone
a U-shaped bone suspended by the stylohyoid ligament
35
hyoid bone consists of
a body, and greater and lesser cornua (horns)
36
hyoid bone connects to ______ via ________
the thyroid cartilage via the thyrohyoid membrane
37
hyoid bone gives attachment to
geniohyoid, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and middle pharygeal constrictor (swallowing muscles)
38
Infections can spread along
fascial planes
39
Cervical muscles
SO SITS | Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles, occipital muscles, suboccipital muscles
40
Sternocleidomastoid
major muscle of neck
41
Sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into
anterior and posterior (lateral) triangles
42
Sternocleidomastoid is crossed by
the external jugular vein, greater auricular, and transverse cervical nerves
43
Sternocleidomastoid separates
the external jugular vein from the internal jugular vein and other components of the carotid sheath
44
The mid-posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid marks
the exit of the superficial branches of the cervical plexus
45
Sternocleidomastoid origin and insertion
origin: manubrium (sternal head) and medial 3rd of clavicle (clavicular head) separated by the lesser supraclavicular fossa (access to IJV) insertion: mastoid process and superior nuchal line
46
Sternocleidomastoid action
lateral flexion of the neck and rotation of the face downward and contralaterally
47
Sternocleidomastoid innervation
spinal accessory nerve (also innervates trap)
48
Torticollis (Wryneck)
spasmodic contracture of the SCM that produces twisting of the neck and slanting of the head toward the unaffected side
49
Trapezius forms the posterior border of the
posterior (lateral) triangle
50
Suprahyoid muscles
stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
51
Stylohyoid
origin: styloid process insertion: body of hyoid action: elevation of the hyoid and elongation of the mouth floor innerv: facial nerve
52
digastric
origin: digastric fossa of mandible (anterior belly), mastoid notch (post belly) insertion: body and greater horn of hyoid action: depresses the mandible and opens the mouth, and elevates the hyoid bone innerv: mylohyoid nerve (anterior belly), facial nerve (posterior belly)
53
Mylohyoid
origin: mylohyoid line insertion: body of hyoid bone via raphe action: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth innerv: mylohyoid nerve
54
Geniohyoid
origin: inferior mental spine insertion: body of hyoid action: shortens floor of the mouth by pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly upward, widens pharynx innerv: mylohyoid nerve
55
*nerve to mylohyoid*
mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, geniohyoid
56
Infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
57
Omohyoid
origin: superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch insertion: inferior border of body of hyoid action: depresses, retracts, ad stabilizes hyoid innerv: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
58
Sternohyoid
origin: manubrium and medial end of clavicle insertion: body of hyoid action: depresses hyoid innerv: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
59
Suprascapular notch
contain suprascapular nerve and artery
60
Sternothyroid
origin: posterior surface of manubrium insertion: oblique line of thyroid lamina action: depresses, retracts and stabilize hyoid innerv: ansa cervicalis (C2-C3)
61
Thyrohyoid
origin: oblique line of thyroid lamina insertion: hyoid bone action: elevates the larynx and depresses the hyoid innerv: segmental-C1
62
2 strap muscles
sternohyoid and sternothyroid
63
sternothyroid continous with _____. Split by______.
continuous with thyrohyroid. split by cartilidge
64
Posterior triangle
anterior border: posterior border of the SCM Posterior boundary: anterior border of the trapezius muscle apex: occipital bone base: middle third of the clavicle floor: spenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle and posterior scalene muscles, accessory nerve, trunks of the brachial plexus, subclavian and transverse cervical arteries
65
Posterior triangle divided by
inferior belly of omohyoid muscle into smaller subclavian (supraclavicular) and occipital triangles.
66
Anterior Triangle
anterior boundary: median line of the neck posterior boundary: anterior border of SCM superior boundary (base): inferior border of the mandible apex: jugular notch of the manubrium roof: superficial fascia containing the platysma floor: pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland
67
Anterior triangle divides into
smaller submental and submandibular triangles via the digastric muscle and into the carotid and muscular triangles via the omohyoid muscles
68
Submental triangle
inferior boundary (base): body of the hyoid lateral boundaries: anterior bellies of digastric muscle apex: symphysis menti floor: mylohyoid muscles
69
Submental triangle contents
submental lymph nodes, and tributaries of the anterior jugular vein
70
Submandibular triangle
superior boundary (base): inferior border of mandible anterior boundary: anterior belly of digastric posterior boundary: posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscle apex: hyoid bone floor: mylohyoid and hyoglossus
71
Submandibular contents
submandibular gland and lymph nodes, facial vessels, hypoglossal nerve and submental artery
72
Carotid triangle
anterior and superior boundary: posterior belly of digastric anterior and inferior boundary: superior belly of the omohyoid posterior boundary: SCM
73
Carotid triangle contents
common carotid, carotid body and sinus, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery and branches and corresponding veins and hypoglossal nerve

Anatomy Exam 3 (7 decks)

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