Superficial, Pathological, Visceral Reflexes, and Range of Motions

Question 1

Superficial reflexes are different from deep tendon or muscle stretch reflexes in that:

Answer 1

• The sensory signal has to reach the spinal cord and ascend the cord to the brain
• The motor signal has to descend in the cord from the brain to the reach the motor neurons
• Polysynaptic reflex

Question 2

Superficial reflexes

Answer 2

• Gag
• Corneal blink
• Epigastric
• Upper/Middle/Lower abdominal
• Cremasteric
• Gluteal
• Plantar
• Anal

Question 3

Segmental innervation of the gag reflex

Answer 3

C.N. IX, X

Question 4

Segmental innervation of the corneal blink reflex

Answer 4

C.N. V, VII

Question 5

Segmental innervation of the epigastric reflex

Answer 5

T5-T7

-Intercostal nerve

Question 6

Segmental innervation of the upper abdominal reflex

Answer 6

T7-T9

-Intercostal nerve

Question 7

Segmental innervation of the middle abdominal reflex

Answer 7

T9-T11

-Intercostal nerve

Question 8

Segmental innervation of the lower abdominal reflex

Answer 8

T11-T12

Question 9

What nerves control the lower abdominal reflex?

Answer 9

Intercostal, Iliohypogastric, Illioinguinal

Question 10

Segmental innervation of the cremasteric reflex

Answer 10

L1-L2

Question 11

Nerves that control the cremasteric reflex

Answer 11

Ilioinguinal

Genitofemoral

Question 12

Segmental innervation of the gluteal reflex

Answer 12

L4-S2

-Inferior gluteal

Question 13

Segmental innervation of the plantar reflex

Answer 13

L4-S2

Question 14

Nerve that controls the plantar reflex

Answer 14

Tibial

Question 15

Segmental innervation of the anal reflex

Answer 15

S2-S5

Question 16

Normal and Abnormal Hoffman Sign

Answer 16

-Sharp forcible flick of thumb against patients middle finger
(N): Nothing
(A): Flexion of finger and adduction of thumb

Question 17

Tromner Sign

Answer 17

-Tap the volmar (anterior) surface of the middle finger
(N): Nothing
(A): Flexion of the fingers and adduction of the thumb

Question 18

Rossolimo Sign

Answer 18

-Tap the ball of the foot or tap the tips of the toes
(N): Nothing
(A): Plantar flexion of the toes

Question 19

Babinski Sign

Answer 19

-Stroke plantar foot from heel to metatarsals to big toe
(N): Plantar flexion of toes and feet
(A): Dorsiflexion of great toe and flaring of other toes

Question 20

Chaddock Sign

Answer 20

-Stroke from lateral malleolus on heel to toe
(N): no motion to toes and foot
(A): Dorsiflexion of great toe and flaring of the other toes

Question 21

Oppenheim Sign

Answer 21

-Stroke anterior tibial surface from superior to inferior
(N): no motion of toes and foot
(A): Dorsiflexion of great toe and flaring of the other toes

Question 22

Gordon Sign

Answer 22

-Squeeze the calf
(N) no motion of the toes and foot. Plantar flexion
(A): Dorsiflexion of great toe and flaring of the other toes

Question 23

Shaefer Sign

Answer 23

-Squeeze the achilles tendon
(N): no motion of the toes and foot
(A): Dorsiflexion of great toe and flaring of other toes

Question 24

What do all (+) pathologic reflexes indicate?

Answer 24

Upper Motor Neuron Lesion

Question 25

Tromner Sign and Hoffmann sign both indicate a lesion in the corticospinal tract above ___

Answer 25

C5

Question 26

Ciliospinal Reflex

Answer 26

-Pinch the skin of the neck. (N): Dilation of the pupil on the ipsilateral side (A): No dilation (cervical sympathetic problem)

Question 27

Normal range for cervical flexion

Answer 27

60 degrees

Question 28

Normal range for cervical extension

Answer 28

75 degrees

Question 29

Normal range for cervical lateral bend

Answer 29

45 degrees

Question 30

Normal range for cervical rotation

Answer 30

80 degrees

Question 31

Normal range for thoracic flexion

Answer 31

20-45 degrees

Question 32

Normal range for thoracic extension

Answer 32

25-35 degrees

Question 33

Normal range for thoracic rotation

Answer 33

35-50 degrees

Question 34

Normal range for thoracic lateral flexion

Answer 34

20-40 degrees

Question 35

Normal range for shoulder flexion

Answer 35

180 degrees

Question 36

Normal range for shoulder extension

Answer 36

50 degrees

Question 37

Normal range for shoulder abduction

Answer 37

180 degrees

Question 38

Normal range for shoulder adduction

Answer 38

50 degrees

Question 39

Normal range for shoulder external rotation

Answer 39

90 degrees

Question 40

Normal range for shoulder internal rotation

Answer 40

90 degrees

Question 41

Normal range for elbow flexion

Answer 41

140-150 degrees

Question 42

Normal range for elbow extension

Answer 42

0-10 degrees

Question 43

Normal range for elbow supination

Answer 43

90 degrees

Question 44

Normal range for elbow pronation

Answer 44

90 degrees