Supplementary Scales

Question 1

Welsch 3 Factors

Answer 1

Welsch did a factor analysis in 1955, developed
3 FACTOR SCALES:

Factor 1: ANXIETY [correlated with scale 7]
Fearful
self critical
guilt prone
*less face valid, less changeable and better anxiety measure than scale 7

Factor 2: REPRESSION [correlated with scale 0]
conventional
avoidant
inhibited
submissive
overcontrolled
less spontaneous. 

Factor 3: EGO STRENGTH [correlated with K scale] Measure of resilience
Ability to bounce back
*Not on the MMPI-A

Some clinicians do not use Welsh scales, instead they equate standard scales…
o	7=A
o	4=Immaturity
o	0=Represion
o	K=ES

Question 2

MacAndrew Scale (MAC-R)

Answer 2

Originally MacAndrew alcoholism scale

Considered an addiction scale
*most used scale for addiction

Controversial in usage
• cut off his score of 24 – any thingabove 24 = addictive
o not enough data to support non-biological addictions (sex, gambling etc.)

Question 3

Immaturity Scale, Archer et al (1992)

Answer 3

Disobedient

Defiant

Academic Problems

Used for MMPI-A most of the time though applicable to MMPI-2