Supplements Flashcards
What are supplements
- supplements classed in legislation
= complementary compound feedstuff - compound feed = mix of at least 2 feed materials for feeding to animals in oral form as either a complete feed or a complementary feed
- Complementary feed = compound feed which has a high content of certain substances but is required to be fed with other feedstuffs to make a complete ration
legal requirements of supplements - specific regulations
- Regulation 767/2009 on placing on the market and use of feed
- Regulation 1831/2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition
~ additives= amino acids, flavour, pre/probiolitcs
~ if not registered cant use - Directive 2002/32/EC on undesirable substances in animal feed
~ toxins, metals, slamonella - Regulation 2017/1017 provides a catalogue of feed materials
- Directive 2008/38/EC on intended uses of animal feedingstuffs for particular nutritional purposes
legal products of supplements - definicion of medicinal products
- must abide to regs governing medical products
- if it has an effect on animal = needs
- presentation implies that they are medicinal (tablets, syringes)
= any substance/combination of substances that may be used in, or administered to, animals with a view either to restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, or to making a medical diagnosis
examples words manufacturers not legally use
Cause Inflammation Disease (mention) Injuries Support / Boost Treat
NOPS
- what is it
- what certified companies do
- how do nops occur
= naturally occuring prohibited substances
= voluntary scheme ran by the British Equestrian Trade Association
- if company NOPS certified = must put processes in place to reduce occurance of NOPS in feeds/sup
- NOPS are compounds that shown to have physiological effect on horse
~ result in positive drugs test
- either naturally present within ingreedinets or occur result of inadvertant cross contamination
NOPS
- main NOPS and sources
- Caffeine – cacao, coffee, tea
- Theobromine – cacao
- Theophylline – tea
- Morphine – opium poppy (risk buy herbs abroad), Papaver somniferum
- Hyoscine – nightshade, Datura
- Atropine – nightshade, - Atropa belladonna
- Cannabinoids - Hemp fibre and plant material
What purposes are supplements produced
- Support joints (biggest seller)
- Calm excitable behaviour
- Supply vitamins and minerals
- Promote healthy skin and coat
- Support hoof growth
- Promote digestive health
BUT not alturnative for good feeding practices, need to feed balanced diet for individual needs
How are supplements fed and why increased usage
- changes in feeding practices = increased use
- fed small quantities = concentrated formulation
~ high concentration - need to understand supp func so fed correctly/safely
~ feeding vit/min supp full amount conc feed = excess
~ unbalance diet
Why increased use of supplements
- Horses require less feed than previous due to undertaking less exercise = become overweight so need to feed less concentrates but still provide essential nutrients
- cheaper
- Balances diet
- Increased availability
- Increased product ranges and investments by companies
- Targeted support
sourcing ingredients
- vast ingredients
- ingredients can be restricted
- need to have full traceability
- supplements for specific purposes should contain certain ingreedients
~ Research findings indicate they are effective
~ Traditional use has indicated they are effective
~ Anecdotal evidence indicates they are effective - lack of research = expensive and ethical concerns
supplements for joint support
- most popular
- reflects freq that equids are affected by osteoarthritis
~ most common cause of lameness in equids - strain on joints for performance activities (jumping = greatest)
suplements for joint support - why lack research
- lab research using tissue/cell samples indicate some ingredients effective reducing joint degredation
- limited studies using live equids
- if include antinflamtorys = benefit = reduce pain and swelling
- diff to measure lameness = influenced by many factors
~ stride lengths, joint and flexion now better measurements
joint supp - glucosamine
- essential to skin, tendons, ligaments and articular cartilage
- 2 forms
~ glucosamine hydrochloride (most use)
~ glucosamine sulphate - which form more effective still uncertain = more research needed
~ sulphate has slightly higher absorption rate (both low 2.5-6% oraly) - shown to work best when administered with chondroitin sulphate = protect articular cartilage
- recomended 10g for 500kg horse = 0.02g/kg BW
joint supp - chondroitin
- A component of articular cartilage usually supplemented as Chondroitin sulphate
~ Thought to inhibit cartilage breakdown although further research needed - Absorption of oral Chondroitin sulphate is higher than Glucosamine
~ Approximately 30-35% - Sources of Chondroitin are bovine/porcine/avian cartilage and shark fin
~ Shark fin is commonly used in equine supplements after BSE outbreak - Recommended amount unclear
~ Most supplements contain 2mg/kg BW/day
~ 500kg = 1000mg or 1g per day
joint supp - MSM
= methyl sulphonyl methane
- 2 roles
~ sulphur = provide strength to articular cartilage
~ acts as antioxidant = protects against cell damage
- few studies into msm and effectiveness
- most joint supp contain msm
- reccomende amount = 20mg/kg BW/day
