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MD3001 - Cardiology Anatomy > Surface Anatomy of the Neck > Flashcards

Surface Anatomy of the Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the neck?

A

Transitional area between the base of the cranium and the clavicles

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2
Q

Name the 5 columns within the neck

A
  • Neuromusculoskeletal
  • Visceral
  • Carotid neurovascular bundle
  • Investing fascia
  • Potential sapces
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3
Q

Fascia

A

Thin sheath of CT that encloses a muscle or an organ

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4
Q

What does the Visceral/Pre-Tracheal Column contain?

A
  • Trachea
  • Thyroid gland
  • Oesophagus
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5
Q

What lies within the investing fascia?

A
  • Platysma muscle sits inside (anterior)
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6
Q

What lies just outside the investing fascia?

A

Trapexius muscle (posterior)

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7
Q

What lies within the carotid sheath?

A
  • vagus nerve
  • carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
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8
Q

What is in the pre-vertebral column?

A
  • Spinal cord
  • Muscles
  • vertebral body
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9
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal space?

A

Extends from the base of the skull to the diaphragm via the mediastinum (superior then posterior)

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10
Q

What is the retrophayngeal space?

A

Potential space that consist of loose CT

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11
Q

What splits the retropharyngeal space?

A

Alar fascia

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12
Q

What is the DANGER space within the neck?

A

Posterior to the alar fascia within the retropharyngeal space

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13
Q

Why is the retropharyngeal space dangerous?

A

infection can spread

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14
Q

What is the anterior border of the posterior triangle?

A

posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

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15
Q

What is the posterior border of the posterior triangle?

A

anterior border of trapezius

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16
Q

What is the inferior border of the posterior triangle?

A

middle third of clavicle

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17
Q

What is the superior border of the anterior triangle?

A

inferior border of the mandible

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18
Q

What is the lateral border of the anterior triangle?

A

anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

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19
Q

What is the medial border of the anterior triangle?

A

sagittal line down the midline of the neck

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20
Q

What muscle divides the traingles of the neck?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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21
Q

Styloid process

A

Anchor point for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx

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22
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

transmits facial nerve and an artery

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23
Q

Mastoid process

A

found behind the ear

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24
Q

Where is the parotid galnd found?

A

In between the mastoid process and angle of the mandible

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25
Describe the hyoid bone
* U-shaped bone * 2 greater and 2 lesser horns
26
What muscles suspend the hyoid bone?
suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
27
What is the hyoid bone attached to?
thyroid cartilage
28
What happens to the hyoid cartilage when you swallow?
It moves
29
Describe the thyroid cartilage
* Largest cartilage of the laryngeal skeleton * 2 lamina, 4 horns
30
What is the laryngeal prominance?
* Fusion of inferior 2/3 of 2 lamina * Adam's apple - prominant in males
31
What does articulation between the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage allow?
* Rotation and gliding of thyroid cartilage * Change length/sound of vocal cords (posterior to cartilage)
32
Give the branches of the aortic arch from right to left
* Brachiocephalic * right subclavian * right common carotid * left common carotid * left subclavian
33
Where does the braciocephalic trunk bifurcate
behind the right sternoclavicular joint
34
What does the right common carotid artery supply?
right side of the head and neck, intracranial structures
35
What does the right subclavian artery supply?
right upper limb and intracranial structures
36
What is the brachipcephalic trunk covered by anteriorly?
sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles
37
Where does the subclavian artery pass?
under the first rib on its way to the upper limb
38
What are the 3 parts of the subclavian artery?
* Vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk and internal throacic (medial to anterior scalene) * Costo-cervical trunk (posterior to anterior scalene * Dorsal scapula → axillary artery (lateral border of anterior scalene and travels under clavicle)
39
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
superior border of the thyroid cartilage
40
What does the common carotid artery birfurcate in to?
internal and external common carotid arteries
41
What is the common carotid deep to?
anterior border of sternocleidomastoid lateral to the hyoid cartilage
42
Give another name for the carotid body
glomus coroticus
43
Where is the carotid body located?
At the posterior wall of the birfucation of the common carotid artery
44
What is the function of the carotid body?
Chemoreceptor that is sensitive to pCO2
45
What is the function of the carotid sinus?
baroreceptor - reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure
46
What is the nerve innervation of the carotid body and carotid sinus?
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve
47
What does the internal carotid artery supply?
intracranial structures
48
Does the internal carotid artery give off any branches in the neck?
NO
49
name the 8 branches of the external carotid artery that supply areas of the head and neck on the external cranium
* Superifical temporal * Maxillary * Posterior auricular * Occipital * Facial * Ascending laryngeal * Lingual * Superior thyroid
50
MNEMOMIC for branches of the external carotid artery
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students * Superifical temporal * Ascending pharyngeal * Lingual * Facial * Occipital * Posterior Auricular * Maxillary * Superior thyroid
51
What drains the venous blood of the intracranial structures?
Dural venous sinuses
52
Name the dural venous sinuses
* Superior sagittal sinus * Inferior sagittal sinus * Sinus rectus
53
What is the sigmoid sinus?
internal jugular vein upon exiting the cranial cavity through the jugular foramen
54
What does the IJV drain?
intracranial structures and superifical parts of the face and neck
55
Where does the IJV travel?
In the carotid sheath
56
What is the IJV in close proximity to?
brachial plexus, ohrenic and vagus nerves
57
What can IJP be used for?
To assess CVP
58
What does the external jugular vein drain?
venous blood from the outer cranium and deep parts of the face into the subclavian vein
59
What join to form the retromandibular vein?
Superifical temporal and maxillary veins merge within the parotid gland
60
What does the retromandibular vein join with to form the external jugular vein?
posterior auricaular
61
What does the external jugular vein descend over?
sternocleidomastoid
62
where is the anterior jugular vein?
Inferior to hyoid bone
63
Where does the anterior jugular vein drain into?
externa; jugular and subclavian veins
64
What do the sides of the anterior jugular vein merge to form?
jugular arch
65
What 4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus become superifial at Erb's Point?
* Lesser occiptal * Great auricular * transverse cervical * Supraclavicular
66
What muscles does the accessory nerve provide motor control to?
trapezius and SCM
67
Where does the accessory nerve pass?
Across the posterior triangle
68
Where are there no lymph nodes?
In the scalp or face
69
What lymph nodes accompany the external and internal jugular veins?
deep and superifcial cervical lymph nodes

MD3001 - Cardiology Anatomy (11 decks)

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