Surgery Lecture Final Flashcards by Sarah Anderson

Pain results when nerve cells in the skin or deep tissues detect _____ _____

Noxious stimulus

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Nerve cells in the skin or deep tissues are called?

Nociceptors

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Sensory neurons are located in the ____ _____

Peripheral tissue

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What are the chemicals in the CNS are similar to morphine released by neurons?

These chemicals bind to opioid receptors and provide some analgesia

Beta endorphin

Leu-enkephalin

Dynorphinare

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What is the principle of analgesia?

Preemptive use

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What does tapering dosages of steroids prevent?

Cushings (iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism)

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What type of glucocorticoids are short acting (<12 hours)

Hydrocortisone

Cortisone

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What type of glucocortocoids are intermediate acting (12-36 hours)?

Prednisone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Methylprednisone

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What type of glucocortoids are long acting (>48 hours)?

Dexamethasone, Betamethasone, Flumethazone

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What is normally present in the stomach mucosa and helps reduce gastric acid secretion and promote mucus production?

Prostacyclin

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Surgical removal of all or part of an organ

-ectomy

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An incision made into an organ or portion of a body

-otomy

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term for reconstruction

-plasty

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term for creating a permanent opening

-ostomy

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What is a celiotomy?

Opening of the abdominal cavity

Ventral midline is most common approach

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At what age can spays be done safely?

8 weeks (some clinics wait until 4 months)

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What type of suture is used for spays?

Absorbable suture = PDS

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What does the 3 layer closure for spays include?

Linea alba, SQ, subcuticular

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What is the primary indication for C-section?

dystocia

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What is the secondary indication for C-section?

To prevent dystocia and ensure healthier offspring

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Stage of labor that can last 6-12 hours, includes nesting and begins at onset of contractions

Stage 1

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What stage of labor can bull dogs not achieve?

Stage 2

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Stage of labor that includes full dilation, fetus entry into birth canal, can last up to 4 hours for first fetus and 2-3 hours for subsequent fetuses.

Stage 2

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Stage of labor that includes the passage of placenta (sometimes eaten by mother)

Stage 3

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What is closed castration?

When tuinic is not incised and the spermatic cord and testicular blood vessels are ligated together

What is open castration?

When the tunic is opened and the spermatic cord and testicular blood vessels are ligated separately

What are two main post operative considerations for castration?

Bleeding or scrotal hematoma and self inflicted trauma

What is an en bloc resection?

Removal of entire uterus with the fetuses inside

Who is responsible for neonates in the surgery room?

Circulating nurse

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ______ open the uterus and remove fetuses if they are deemed viable

Non-sterile personnel

What can be given to neonates for slow HR?

Dilute Atropine

Linear foreign bodies are ____ or \_\_\_\_

string or thread

What do linear FB's cause?

Plication of intestines (pleating of)

Linear FB's are more common in ___ and may be attached under the tongue

cats

Gastrotomies may be done to perform a full ____ \_\_\_\_

thickness biopsy

Tricobezoars (hairballs) may be dissolved with _____ \_\_\_\_\_

Pineapple juice

What is the most common sign of FBs?

Vomiting

What are gastric FB's diagnosed by?

Radiographs, contrast studies, ultrasound

What may be used instead of surgery for FBs?

Endoscopy

Endoscopy is less invasive than abdominal surgery but still requires \_\_\_\_\_

anesthesia

How is patient prepped for FB surgeries?

Clip from above xiphoid to pubis

Where is the incision made for FB's?

Between lesser and greater curvature of the stomach

What suture is used to close gastrotomies?

2-0 or 3-0

What is an enterotomy?

Incision into the intestines

FB's are also referred to as an intestinal obstruction and may be _____ or _____ obstruction

partial or complete

Which form of intestinal foreign bodies cause worse symptoms?

Complete obstruction

What are the pre-op diagnostics?

CBC and full panel with electrolytes

What special instruments are used for intestinal FB's and why are they used?

Doyen Intestinal forceps, they are atraumatic to intestines and will not damage blood supply, keep intestinal contents from leaking out

What procedure requires you to "milk" intestinal contents away in both directions?

Enterotomy for FB

What type of sutures are used for enterotomy?

Monofilament absorabable

What is anastamosis?

The excision of a segment of bowel followed by connecting the remaining free ends

What diagnostic test is used for intestinal resection and anastamosis if peritonitis is suspected?

Abdominocentesis

For internal resection and anastomosis surgeries, ______ forceps are used to clamp diseased tissue, while ______ forceps are used to clamp healthy bowel.

Carmalt- diseased tissue Doyen- Healthy bowel

After intestinal transection is complete, the ends are sutured with ______ \_\_\_\_\_ suture

Monofilament absorbable

What suture size/needle is used for intestinal resection?

3-0, 4-0 on a taper needle

What suture pattern is used for intestinal resection?

Interrupted pattern

Where should sutures start for intestinal resection?

anti-mesenteric border and then mesenteric

What is the supportive care for intestinal resection?

Fluids, anti-inflammatory, antibiotics

What is essential for recovery from intestinal resection/anastamosis?

Nutritional support

Signs of GDV (4 signs)

Abdominal distension Hyper salivation Dry heaving, no vomit, only phlegm Abdominal pain

What is an onchyectomy?

Removal of third phalange

What is Modified Zepp?

Lateral Ear Canal Resection involving the removal of lateral wall of vertical canal

What is TECA?

Total Ear Canal Ablation

TECA is removal of entire ear canal: ______ and \_\_\_\_\_

Lateral and horizontal

What is the Hotz-Celsus procedure?

Excisiton of crescent shaped section of skin and muscle from the affected portion of the eyelid

Why is removal of the gland of the third eyelid controversial?

Removal causes KCS

What is the Morgan Pocket Technique?

Creates a conjunctival pocket where the third eyelid is secured

Canine eyelid masses are usually _____ whereas feline eyelid masses are usually \_\_\_\_\_\_

Canine- benign Feline- malignant

Protrusion of tissue from its normal cavity through a congenital or acquired defect in the wall of that cavity

Hernia

What are the three types of hernia?

Umbilical Inguinal Diaphragmatic

What does LASER stand for?

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Laser light wavelength and frequency determine what?

Color and interaction with target surface

What happens when laser hits target? (RAST)

Reflected Absorbed Scattered Transmitted through tissues

What are the two types of lasers most commonly used?

CO2 laser Diode laser

Where is ground electrode placed for electrocautery?

Skin surface

Elective orthopedic surgeries

Medial luxating patella ACL Rupture Femoral head osteotomies

Non-elective non-life threatening orthopedic surgeries

Dislocated hip Open Fracture

Non-elective life-threatening surgeries

Skull fracture Severe hemorrhage associated with fracture

What sling type is used for hips?

Ehmer sling

What type of sling is used for shoulder?

Velpeau

What are the 5 classifcation of fractures (hint: BOLT-Re-Non)

1. Bone location 2. Open or Closed 3. Location of fracture on bone 4. Type of fracture 5. Reducible/non-reducible

Physeal fractures are also referred to as?

Salter Harris Fractures

What are the 5 types of fractures? | (Hint: TOSCC)

Transverse Oblique Spiral Comminuted Comminuted-Non reducible

Casts/splints are only applicable below the _____ and \_\_\_\_

Stifle and elbow

Forelimb amputation can be achieved at _____ or complete removal of \_\_\_\_\_ | (Even if only the foot needs removed the entire limb is removed)

shoulder, or complete removal of scapula

Hindlimb amputation occurs at ____ \_\_\_\_ or midshaft of \_\_\_\_

hip joint or midshaft of femur

A distinctive forward movement called a "drawer" sign is present in most cases of what?

ACL rupture

What is TPLO?

Tibial Platuea Leveling Osteotomy

How often should surgical sites be monitored?

At least twice a day

Surgery Lecture Final Flashcards

(89 cards)