Surgical Terms And Digestive System Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
chromosomes
A
found in the cell nucleus. contain the recipe for making a living thing and are made of strands of DNA
2
Q
DNA
A
Deoxyribonucliec acid
3
Q
handrails of DNA are made of
A
nucleotides
4
Q
step of DNA are made of
A
bases
5
Q
4 Bases used in DNA
A
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
6
Q
Genes
A
Segments of DNA
7
Q
Gregor Medel
A
first to describe how traits are inherited from generation to generation
8
Q
generation
A
offspring that results from reproduction
9
Q
phenotype
A
the observable characteristics or traits
10
Q
Genotype
A
your genetic identity
11
Q
Traits
A
are found in phenotype and genotype of an organism (eye color, genetic diseases)
12
Q
Dominant Trait
A
trait that will appear if one of the parents contributed it
13
Q
Recessive
A
must be contributed by both parents to make it appear
14
Q
Homozygous
A
carries two dominant or two recessive genes for a trait
15
Q
Heterozygous
A
carries two different genes for a trait
16
Q
Tumor
A
area of uncontrolled cell growth
17
Q
Tumor suppression genes
A
protective genes that limit cell growth
18
Q
Benign tumor
A
growth that is not cancer
19
Q
Malignant Tumor
A
can invade and destroy nearby tissue
20
Q
Metastasis
A
a cancerous cell will enter the blood or lymph system and spread to a different part of the body
21
Q
Germline Mutations
A
occurs in the sperm or egg and is passed onto the offspring
22
Q
Acquired Mutations
A
genes are damaged sometime during an animals life (Radiation UV, Viruses, Age)
23
Q
Oncogene
A
a mutation turns a healthy cell into a cancerous cell
24
Q
Autoclave
A
device used to sterilize instruments with pressurized superheated steam,
25
Catheter
a tube inserted into the narrow opening for removal of or introduction to fluid
26
Cautery
an agent or instrument used to destroy abnormal tissue by burning, searing, or scarring including caustic substances, electric currents, lasers, and very hot or very cold instruments
27
Drain
tube or wick used to draw fluid from body cavity or surface
28
Endotracheal Tube
tube placed into the trachea to allow for a clear airway to lungs
29
Laryngoscope
device used to assist placement of endotracheal tube
30
forceps
any of various instruments used to grasp and pull objects
31
hemostat
device used to stop or prevent hemorrhaging
32
Scalpel
small pointed surgical knife used to cut tissue
33
Surgical Staples
device used to close surgical opening without sutures
34
Surgical Booties
limit fomites brought in sx suites
35
Suture
sterile thread used to stitch closed a wound or surgical opening
36
Abrasion
irritation of the skin or mucus membrane
37
Laceration
wound produced by tearing of the body tissue
38
Incision
cut made into the body
39
Constipation
infrequent, Difficult feces
40
Fracture
break in the bone
41
Radiograph
x-ray photograph
42
Anemia
red blood cell deficiency
43
Hematocrit
laboratory procedure to determine the percentage of red blood cells in the blood
44
immunity
ability to resist disease
45
Lethargic
sluggish, low energy
46
Biopsy
removal and examination of tissues for dianogsis
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Specimen
small amount of a body fluid for lab test
48
Pathology
the study of disease
49
Parasite
organism living on or in another organism
50
Digestive System Main Functions
Prehension, transport, breakdown of food. Absorbs Nutrients
51
Peristalsis
movement of food through the GI Tract
52
-orexia
means eating
53
Gastr/o
Stomach
54
Enter/o
intestines
55
Chol/e
bile
56
-pepsia
digestion
57
Cheeks
formed by buccal muscles and buccal fat pad
58
Tongue
composed of skeletal muscle
59
Gums
cover the mandible and maxilla, form a collar around each tooth
60
Teeth
Deciduous- baby teeth that fall out and replaced
Crown- part projecting from gumline
Neck- part in the gumline
Root-Firmly fixes the tooth in the socket
61
Salivary Glands
Dissolves and lubricates food to make it easier to swallow
initiates carbohydrate breakdown
62
Dog Teeth
I3/I3/C1/C/1/P4/P4/M2/M3
42 Permanent Teeth
63
Cat Teeth
I3/I3/C1/C1/P3/P2/M1/M1
30 Permanent Teeth
64
Barchydont
Means Short Teeth
65
Hypsodont
means High Teeth, teeth continues to erupt of grow out
66
Pharnyx
passageway for air and food
67
Epiglottis
flap of tissue that closes off airway during swallowing
68
Esophagus
connects pharynx and stomach
69
Swallowing Food Steps
Food from mouth to pharynx, block airways for safe passage of food, food is moved through esophagus via peristalsis
70
Cardiac Sphincter
separates the esophagus from the stomach
71
Non-Ruminant Stomach Sections
Fundus- rounded section above the opening
Body- Middle Section
Pylorus- lower , small end
72
Pyloric Sphincter
separates the stomach from the small intestines
73
The Wall Of the Stomach has 4 Layers
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
74
Chyme
partially digested semiliquid that is passed into the small intestines
75
Rugae
folds in the stomach that flatten as stomach expands
76
Cud
bolus containing fiber and other food particles
77
Stomach Chambers
Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum
78
Rumen
Largest Compartment, serves as fermenting vat
79
Reticulum
Smallest part of the stomach, acts as a filter for heavy dense feed
80
Omasum
grind roughage and squeeze out fluid from ingesta
81
Abomasum
true stomach that secretes digestive enzymes
82
Duodenum
receives pancreatic and common bile ducts
83
Jejunum
most nutrient absorption takes place here
84
Ileum
Longest Section, Nutrient Absorption
85
Villi
small projections covering the mucosa of the small intestines
86
Cecum
joins with the ileum in houses, ruminants and pigs
87
Colon
part of the large intestines that connects cecum to rectum
88
Rectum
storage of feces
89
Anus
end of digestive tract, sphincter muscle (da bootyhole)
90
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
91
Gallbladder
Cholecyst/o
92
Liver
Hepat/o
93
Liver Lobes
Caudate, Right Lateral, Right Medial, Quadrate , Left Medial , Left Lateral
94
Pituitary Gland
exerts control over all other glands, found in the head
95
Hormones
Growth- Somatotrophin
Reproduction- FSH, LH, Prolactin, Oxytocin
Skin Pigmentation - MSH, ACTH
Urination - ADH
96
Thyroid
Located in Throat, alters metabolic rate
97
Hypothyroidism
decreased production of metabolic rateLethargy, Weight Gain, Poor Hair Coat
98
Hyperthyroidism
Increased Production of thyroxine, metabolic rate. Increated appetite and weight loss
99
Adrenal Glands
Located in the Kidneys, produces mineralocorticoids and Cortisol and Adrenaline
100
Pineal Glands
Near base of brain, sleep patterns
101
Pancreas Produces...
insulin, and glucagen
102
Gonads
Growth, Secondary Sex Characteristics and Reproduction
103
Epidermis
outer,thinner layer of the skin
104
Dermis
inner,thicket layer of the skin
105
Spinous Layer
usually one to two layers thick
106
Basal Layer
continuously multiplying to compensate for cell loss
107
Granular Layer
begins to pack cells with a fibrous protein called Keratin
108
Clear Layer
tightly packed, cornified cells
109
Horny Layer
flat,lifeless,cornified cells
110
Keratinization
gives strength to special epidermal parts such as horns, beaks, and hooves
111
Albinism
absense of normal pigmentation
112
Cyanosis
Blue hue to the skin when there reduced oxygen supply
113
Arrector Pili
muscles that attach to hair follicles
114
Primary Hairs
make up the top coat
115
Secondary
make up the undercoat
116
Tactile Hairs
thicker and longer, usually found on face
117
Hair Papilla
structure in dermis where hair develops
118
Hair follicle
tube in which hair grows
119
Growing Patterms
Simple- one hair per follicle (cows and horses)
Compound- 2-5 per )dogs and cats)
shedding - loosing hair
120
Circumoral glands
– cat rubbing its head on things
121
Ceruminous Glands
ear wax, located in external ear canal
