Surveying

Question 1

BCF

Answer 1

Bank cubic feet

Question 2

BCY

Answer 2

Bank cubic yards

Question 3

BM

Answer 3

Benchmark

Question 4

BS

Answer 4

Back sight

Question 5

CCF

Answer 5

Compacted cubic feet

Question 6

CCY

Answer 6

Compacted cubic yards

Question 7

DD

Answer 7

Degree decimal

Question 8

DMS

Answer 8

Degree minute second

Question 9

FS

Answer 9

Foresight

Question 10

HD

Answer 10

Horizontal distance

Question 11

HI

Answer 11

Height of instrument

Question 12

LCF

Answer 12

Loose cubic feet

Question 13

LCY

Answer 13

Loose cubic yards

Question 14

SPCS

Answer 14

State plane coordinate system

Question 15

sta

Answer 15

Station

Question 16

How many sig figs should be used in a problem?

Answer 16

The least amount of sig figs used in the problem

Question 17

Horizontal control

Answer 17

Establishes horizontal control stations, or coordinates, for the duration of the project

Question 18

Vertical control

Answer 18

Establishes vertical control stations, or elevations, for the duration of the project

Question 19

Open traverse

Answer 19

Commonly used
Start and end on known locations

Question 20

Open traverse

Answer 20

Uncommon
Starts on known location, ends on unknown locations

Question 21

Angle closure

Answer 21

The avg error is equally distributed in a series of measurements and becomes the most probable interior angle measurement

Question 22

Angle problem ex
N angles given

Answer 22

1. (N-2)(180)= sum of interior angles
2. Sum given angles
3. Correct 2. To fit 1 (can be by subtracting or adding - will dictate next step)
4. Add/subtract (3./N) to all given angles

Question 23

Conversion from DMS to DD

Answer 23

Degree.Minute.Seconds

Minute/60 =m
Seconds/3600 =s

Degree+m+s

Question 24

Law of sins

Answer 24

a/sin(A)=b/sin(B)=c/sin(C)

Question 25

Law of cosines

Answer 25

a^2=b^2+c^2-2bcCos(A)

Question 26

Bank

Answer 26

The volume of earth in its natural state OTHER NAMES: bank-measure, in situ, in-place soil

Question 27

Loose

Answer 27

The volume during transport OTHER NAMES: loose-measure, fluffed, swell, bulk

Question 28

Compacted

Answer 28

The volume after compaction

Question 29

Swell

Answer 29

During excavation, the change in volume of earth from its natural state (or bank) to its loose state. Calculated as a percentage of bank volume

Question 30

Shrinkage

Answer 30

During the placement and compaction of excavated soil, the decrease in volume from its natural state to its compacted state. Calculated as a percentage decrease from bank state

Question 31

Average end area

Answer 31

Most widely used method to calculate volume of soil between stations in a roadway

Question 32

Average end area eq

Answer 32

V = L(A1+A2)/2

Question 33

Average end area Eq for PYRAMID

Answer 33

V = (L * A_base)/3

Question 34

Area of land profile

Answer 34

A = 0.5[a(h0+h1)+b(h1+h2)+…] DONT FORGET TO SUBTRACT THE GIVEN HEIGHT FROM THE INDIVIDUAL HEIGHTS

Question 35

Prismoidal volume

Answer 35

V =(L(A1+4A_m+A2))/6

Question 36

Prismoidal volume definition

Answer 36

Used when, in a series of three stations, the center of each area differs greatly from the outside stations ie when the ground surface is highly irregular

Question 37

Latitude

Answer 37

Line that extends in north (+) or south (-) direction

Question 38

Departure

Answer 38

Line that extends east (+) or west (-)

Question 39

Land bearing

Answer 39

Horizontal angle

Question 40

Azimuth

Answer 40

Vertical angle

Question 41

Differential leveling

Answer 41

Used to determine the elevation difference between two points

Question 42

Total station

Answer 42

Instrument used in surveying

Question 43

Theodolite

Answer 43

Instrument for measuring both horizontal and vertical angles

Question 44

Difference in elevation Δ

Answer 44

ΣBS - ΣTP

Question 45

HI eq

Answer 45

= BS + BM

Question 46

TP elevation eq

Answer 46

HI - FS

Question 47

Percent grade

Answer 47

Angle = arctan(%slope/100) Slope = 100tan(angle)

Question 48

Change of measured length

Answer 48

C = α(ΔΤ)L

Question 49

What do you use for finding third line formed by two lines

Answer 49

Law of Cosines |BC| = (|AB|^2+|AC|^2-2|AB||AC|cos(BAC))^.5

Question 50

Elev at BM1

Answer 50

BS - FS

Question 51

Elev at Sta

Answer 51

Elev at BM1 +BS - FS all things relèvent to Sta in question

Question 52

Level line

Answer 52

Level line is a curved line Horizontal line is a straight line

Question 53

Rectangle based wedge volume

Answer 53

V = (hw/6)(a+b+c)

Question 54

Used for measurement

Answer 54

Transit Theodolite

Question 55

When is earths real shape considered

Answer 55

Geodetic surveying

Question 56

Percent grade

Answer 56

Tan(α)*100

Question 57

Percent grade based on vertical and horizontal distance

Answer 57

g = V/H

Question 58

Effect of earth curvature

Answer 58

Adds to reading. Subtract to fix

Question 59

Effect of earths curve

Answer 59

0.0673D^2

Question 60

Elevation

Answer 60

Elev at BM + ΣBS - ΣFS

Question 61

Elev Given HI V RR

Answer 61

Elev at BM + HI + V - RR

Question 62

δV General Given error in angle and distance S

Answer 62

Sin(α) * δS + S*cos(α)*δα