Survival and response/tropisms/kinases/IAA

Question 1

To survive, animals must be able to…

Answer 1

-obtain food
-avoid being eaten
-find favourable conditions to live
-reproduce

Question 2

What are three examples of responses in animals and plants?

Answer 2

-tropisms
-taxes and kinases
-reflex arc

Question 3

What are tropisms?

Answer 3

responsible to directional stimuli that can maintain the roots and shoots of flowering plants in a favourable environment

Question 4

Where are plant growth factors made?

Answer 4

NOT in glands, in many tissues all over the plant

Question 5

Explain the two types of tropisms

Answer 5

positive - towards the stimulus
negative - away from the stimulus

Question 6

Name 3 types of tropisms

Answer 6

phototropism, geotropism, chemotropism

Question 7

What are the 3 main effects of plant growth factors?

Answer 7

-cell division
-cell elongation
-cell differentiation

Question 7

What are photoreceptors?

Answer 7

structures or pigments that are sensitive to light

Question 8

What are phototropins?

Answer 8

a group of photoreceptors responsible for triggering phototropisms

Question 9

What happens when light is present to a phototropin?

Answer 9

when light is present, changes in the phototropin molecules trigger a cascade of reactions in the cell, then auxin is redistributed

Question 10

Where are auxins made?

Answer 10

-in the shoot
-in young leaves

Question 11

What is an example of an auxin?

Answer 11

indoleacetic acid (IAA)

Question 12

What happens in the roots and shoots with IAA?

Answer 12

in shoots - diffuses to the shaded side
in roots - gravity moves IAA to the lower side of the root

Question 13

What does IAA do to the cells in high concentrations in the shoots and roots?

Answer 13

-in shoots -elongate the cells causing bending towards the light

-in roots -inhibits elongation causing root to bend downward

Question 14

Why are growth factors that are used commercially usually synthetically produced?

Answer 14

-much cheaper
-more efficient
than extracting them from plants

Question 15

What is a challenge of studying growth factors?

Answer 15

they are usually only present in small amounts

Question 16

What is kinesis?

Answer 16

a non-directional response to a stimulus

Question 17

Explain what a kinesis is?

Answer 17

-animals keep moving when they experience undesirable conditions
-the more unpleasant the conditions, the more rapid the movement
-less turns made in undesirable conditions

Question 18

How would you describe the movement in kinesis?

Answer 18

random

Question 19

Use the example of woodlice under rocks as an example of kinesis?

Answer 19

-under rocks is generally humid
-this habitat is protected against predators
-if put into light, rate of movement increases and turning decreases
-increases the chance of moving into favorable conditions

Question 20

What is taxis?

Answer 20

a directional response to a stimulus

Question 21

Describe the movement in taxis?

Answer 21

more advanced movements directly towards or away from the stimulus