sus dev

Question 1

biogeochemical cycles

Answer 1

Cycle of matter - the movement of elements between organisms, the atmosphere, and the earth’s crust.

• life + earth + chemical cycling

Question 2

Carbon cycle

Answer 2

root respiration + animal respiration + human emissions = C02 = photosynthesis. organic life dies - decomposition - fossils/fossil fuels - human emssions - repeat (see image)

Question 3

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 3

fixation - fixing bacteria - nitrifying bacteria - Assimilation or Dentrification - repeat (see image)

Question 4

carbon budget

Answer 4

How much carbon humans can emit while keeping the global warming under a specific limit

Question 5

planetary boundaries

• tipping points
• thresholds
• regime shifts
• resillience

Answer 5

9 planetary boundries that if we cross will move us into the anthroprocene.

tipping points = crossing thresholds tips to regime shifts (shit hitting the fan)

Thresholds = threshold of what will destroy everything

regime shifts = structural and functional change of ecosystem (amazon rainforest changes to savannah)

Resilience = how well boundarie can bounce back to how it was previously and recover

Question 6

Antropocene

Answer 6

unofficial geological epoch marking the begining of significant human impact that can be measured in earths rock layer. Marks a new age where humans fuck up beyond repair and cause significant changes.

Question 7

geological epochs (how are they formed)

Answer 7

long period of time characterized by great change, measured in rock layer of earth

Question 8

common goods/common resources

Answer 8

• Open access and difficult to exclude access, for instance ocean
• no one owns them
• resources are finite. “Space”

i.e = ocean + fishing

Question 9

Brundtland report/model

Answer 9

• big dick daddy of sustainable development
• 1987
• warned that shit was about to hit the fan
• developed guiding principles for sustainable development
• stressed maintaining economic development that doesn’t destory the planet
• “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
• linked environment + development for the first time

Question 10

tragedy of the commons

Answer 10

Individuals believe that it does not make a difference if they change because nobody else is changing, but everyone is not changing because they think nobody else is changing

Question 11

logic of the commons

Answer 11

• Common resources are nonexcludable but rival
• people only think about themselves and they believe they their reduction of pollution is so little that they do not change anything
• Only think in short-term planning and not about the future

i.e = nobody is excluded from fishing, but all fishermen are rivals

Question 12

GDP + GPI

Answer 12

gdp = Gross domestic product

• bad for measuring sustainable development
• measures uneconomic growth + economic growth

GPI = Genuine progress indicator

• social indicators, environmental indicators, economic indicators

Question 13

uneconomic growth

Answer 13

Economic growth that is bad for the economy and society

• i.e = american healthcare system

Question 14

doughnut model

Answer 14

Model that balances how we can meet our human rights whilst keeping the planet alive

innerboundary = social needs/human rights
Outerboundary = ecological ceiling

STAY IN THE FUKING DOUGHNUT

Question 15

deposition

Answer 15

shit is depoisted

geological deposition = sediment over time is deposited to form a new layer of earth marking geological epoch

nitrogen deposition =

Question 16

denitrification

Answer 16

loss or removal of nitrogen

i.e= bacteria absolutley MUNCH on nitrogen

Question 17

Ammonification

Answer 17

breaking down the nitrogen in dead organic matter, into simple substances

these simpler substances help sustain ecosystems

Question 18

Assimilation

Answer 18

becoming similiar to others

nitrogen assimiliation = inorganic nitrogen changes into organic nitrogen to fit in with the homies

Question 19

weak sus dev approach vs strong sus dev approach

Answer 19

Weak sus dev = the needs of nature, society, and the economey are equal

• gets job done slower

Strong sus dev = Nature first, then society, then economey.

• gets the job done quickly

Question 20

corporate social responsibility

Answer 20

company’s responsibility to operate in an ethical and sustainable manner while considering the impact of its actions on the environment, society, and stakeholders

Question 21

Holocene

Answer 21

• epoch with a stable climate that allowed humanity to develop
• started around 12.000 years ago

Three main causes changing this stable climate:
-Population growth
-Technological development
- Increased consumption →exhaust of resources

Question 22

GSSP /Golden spike

Answer 22

• Global boundary stratotype section and point

Geological mark of an epoch change

Question 23

Great Acceleration

Answer 23

period of great acceleration of economic and climate change rising together since 1950

Question 24

sustainability

Answer 24

• capacity of society to continue indefinitely within the natural cycles
• ability for humans to keep living without fucking the earth the fuck up

Question 25

photosynthesis

Answer 25

carbon + water + sunlight = oxygen + sugar | Respiration + photosynthesis = bridge between atmosphere and land/ocean

Question 26

Greenhouse effect

Answer 26

- greenhouse gasses in atmosphere trap heat from the sun which heats up da earth - water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane sunlight hitting earth is: - reflected by atmosphere - reflected by albanism - absorbed by earth surface - absorbed by greenhouse gasses

Question 27

carrols pyramid of corporate social responsability

Answer 27

(see image) - focuses on economy and thats bad 1. Economics Responsibility. - Your business needs to be profitable if you want to continue doing your business 2. Legal Responsibility. - You have to abide by the law if you want to continue doing business 3. Ethical Responsibility - there's things that you can do that aren't obligatory by the law but are the right things to do 4. Philanthropic Responsibility - You can give back to your community and everyone around you

Question 28

SDG's (be able to talk about interaction between all of them)

Answer 28

Goal 1: No Poverty: - End poverty in all its forms everywhere. Goal 2: Zero Hunger: - End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Goal 3: - Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Goal 4: Quality Education: - Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Goal 5: Gender Equality: - Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation: - Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth: - Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation. Goal 10: Reduced Inequality: - Reduce inequality within and among countries. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities: - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production: - Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. Goal 13: Climate Action: - Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Goal 14: Life Below Water: - Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development. Goal 15: Life on Land: - Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss. Goal 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: - Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. Goal 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal: - Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

Question 29

3 pillar approach

Answer 29

nature + society + economy = 3 pillars to sustainable development - flawed because nature should take precedence

Question 30

Nestled approach

Answer 30

nature first then society then economy

Question 31

Reservoir fluxe residential time sink scource

Answer 31

Reservoirs = places of storage - water (ocean), atmosphere (air), land (soil + vegetation), and rocks ( Earth’s crust). Fluxes = flows from one place to another residential time = speed of cycle aka how long it takes element to move from one reservoir to another Sink = influx into a reservoir is greater than outflux (more shit flowing in) Source = influx smaller than outflux (more shit flowing out)

Question 32

Carbon cycle: - Reservoir - fluxe - sink - scource

Answer 32

reservoirs/pools = water (ocean), atmosphere (air), land (soil + vegetation), and rocks ( Earth’s crust). Rocks and sediment = 99 percent of earth's carbon Fluxes = precipitation, fires, fossil fuels, deposition, photosynthesis, respiration Sink = ocean, soil, and forests Source = fossil fuels, deforestation, VOLCANOS

Question 33

radiative forcing

Answer 33

radiative = energy balance A change in the balance of of the amount of incoming & outgoing radiation/energy Positive radiative forcing = more radiation coming in (heating up) Negative radiative forcing = more radiation going out (cooling down)