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Sustainability Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the UN’s first meeting on environmental issues?

A

1972

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2
Q

What did the Club of Rome publish & when?

What was the conclusion - what was the impact?

A

1972 ‘The Limits of Growth’

Limit to economic growth due to resource constraints - did not shape public policy

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3
Q

When was the Brundtland Commission established?

What report did they publish, what was the conclusion?

A

Established in 1980s

1987 - commission’s final report

Concluded that sustainable development needs to be compatible with economic growth
‘Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’

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4
Q

When did corporations begin to widely pursue CSR?

A

1990s

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5
Q

Wen did investors begin pressing companies to become more sustainable? What was this referred to as?

A

1990s

Referred to as ‘shareholder engagement’

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6
Q

When was ESG coined as a term, by what?

When was this solidified?

A

ESG coined in 2005 by UN Global Compact

Solidified when embedded into the UN PRI (2006)

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7
Q

What are corporations corporate-level climate goals motivated by?

A
  • bottom up consumer pressure
  • government policy
  • investor / lender pressure
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8
Q

Is Climate an exclusively ESG issue? Why?

A

No - impacts all stakeholders, including those who are not currently acting in sustainable ways

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9
Q

When were the UN SDGs launched?

What were they launched as part of?

A

2015

UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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10
Q

What was adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit? By whom?

A

Agenda 21 - plan for a global partnership on sustainable development
178 countries

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11
Q

Who was the Rio Earth Summit started by?

A

UNFCCC - UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

Convention on Biological Diversity

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12
Q

What have the UNFCCC and Convention on Biological Diversity helped to support?

A

Large role in coordinating communication regarding scientific consensus built by the IPCC with Governments

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13
Q

Why is the UNFCCC important

A

All major global level climate-policy agreements have happened under aegis of UNFCCC

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14
Q

MDGS : when established, how many, to be achieved by ___?

A

Established in 2000
X8 goals
To be achieved by 2015

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15
Q

Success of MDGs, why?

A

Ultimately fell short
Lack of private sector engagement
But helped set a benchmark

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16
Q

Mandate of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

A

Build on the MDGs and complete what they did not achieve

Centred on people, planet, prosperity & peace

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17
Q

Success of SDGs based on?

A

Broad, all encompassing, detailed goals

169 targets provide specificity and better tracking / focus

Broader set of policies covered - allows wider range of stakeholders to find agreement on some issues

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18
Q

CS: Goal 4 - Quality Education

A

Free access to primary & secondary

Access to early childhood care

Access to technical, vocational and higher education

Eliminate gender disparities

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19
Q

CS: Goal 7 - Affordable Energy

By 2030…

A

Universal, reliable, affordable modern energy services

Increase share of renewable energy in global mix

Double global rate of improved energy efficiency

International cooperation on research / tech / investment

Expand infrastructure for supplying modern energy - esp. in developing

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20
Q

Nature based solutions - brief description

A

Help protect, manage or restore ecosystems whilst addressing societal challenges

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21
Q

WWF definition of nature based solutions

A

Increased ECOSYSTEM functionality

Be SCIENCE based

Be SYNERGISTIC

Involve STAKEHOLDERS form local / indigenous communities

Be MEASURABLE

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22
Q

First 6 SDGs (individual rights)

Study These Flashcards
A 
1 - no poverty 
2 - zero hunger 
3 - good health & wellbeing 
4 - quality education
5 - gender equality
6 - clean water & sanitation
23
Q

External Requirement SDGs - x5

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Affordable clean energy
  2. Decent work & economic growth
  3. Industry, innovation & infrastructure
  4. Reduced inequality among countries
  5. Sustainable cities
24
Q

Environmental SDGs X4

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Responsible consumption & production
  2. Urgent climate action
  3. Protect life below water
  4. Protect life on land
25
Final 2 SDGs
16. Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions | 17. Partnership for Goals
26
Previously businesses used to practice ‘pure’ capitalism - who was this aligned to?
Friedman ‘There is one social responsibility of business - to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits’
27
When was the ‘triple bottom line’ developed
1980s & 1990s
28
When was the term CSR developed? When did it get popularised?
Developed in 1950s Popularised in 1990s
29
Who issued one of the first sustainability reports? When was this?
Shell - 1998
30
What did shell develop to support its sustainability reports? When was this established?
Internal Social Responsibility Committee - 1997
31
What was the conclusion of Shell’s first sustainability report
No choice needed to be made between ‘profits and principles’
32
What trend are we starting to observe in sustainability reporting from the late 1990s to present?
Move away from values towards establishing targets
33
What sort of effect do SDGs have on companies and industries? What does this mean?
Material effects Effects can impact the financial bottom line
34
Understanding SDG alignment is important - what tools are out there for measuring this?
MSCI’s SDG Alignment Tool | 8500+ companies - overview of net contribution to the UN SDGs
35
Reputation Risk can be material for companies - how does this come about and what may it result in
Perceived breaches of sustainability can lead to reduced demand Increased scrutiny from creditors or regulators Potential to lose ‘social license to operate’
36
Example of where a lack of sustainability has resulted in material financial impact
2019 Dam in Brazil - Vale Collapsed - killing 250+ and polluted downstream Share price collapsed >24%
37
What council was formed at the 1992 Rio Summit, what is its mandate?
World Business Council for Sustainable Developed (WBCSD) Research on CSR & share best practice
38
When was the PRI launched? What did it pave the way for?
2006 Helped pave the way for issue-specific coalitions
39
By joining the Principles for Responsible Investment, you commit to…
1. INCORPORATING ESG in investments & decision 2. ACTIVE ownership 3. Seeking DISCLOSURES 4. Promoting Principles ACCEPTANCE 5. Collaborating to IMPLEMENT the principles 6. REPORTING activities and progress Individuals - At - Daylesford - Always - Implement - Rudeness
40
When was the SASB board founded? How many industries do they set standards on for the most materially relevant issues?
2011 Most materially relevant issues in 77 industries
41
What 5 main dimensions does the SASB look at? How many key issues does this cover?
1. Social Capital 2. Human Capital 3. Leadership & Governance 4. Environment 5. Business Model Covers 26 key issues
42
What initiative was founded in the wake of an oil spill? & when? What has their journey been?
Global Reporting Initiative - 1997 Initially focused on guidelines - since 2016 has focused on setting standards for sustainability reporting
43
Who is the WBCSD composed of?
200+ global firms Members from a range of industry sectors - CEOs act as council members
44
What is the UN Global Compact?
13,000 participants Framework based around 10 principles on human rights / labour / environment / anti-corruption Coined the term ESG in 2005
45
What is the PSI and when was it launched? How many principles and what is the mandate
Principles for Sustainable Insurance - launched in 2012 4 principles - manage ESG issues, develop resilient, inclusive, sustainable society
46
What are the 6 Principles for Responsible Banking - brief version
1. Alignment 2. Impact & Target Setting 3. Clients and Customers 4. Stakeholders 5. Governance & Culture 6. Transparency & accountability All - Turtles - Can (be) - Saved - Go - Turtles
47
What is the three step process which guides PRB signatories through implementing their commitments?
1. Impact Analysis - most significant products / services 2. Target Setting - setting & achieving 3. Reporting - publicly report
48
PRB Principle: Alignment Describe
Be consistent with and contribute to individuals’ needs expressed in SDG & PCA
49
PRB Principle: Impact & Target Setting Describe
Continuously increase positive impacts whilst reducing negative impacts on people & environment
50
PRB Principle: Clients & Customers Describe
Work to encourage sustainable practices, create shared prosperity
51
PRB Principle: Stakeholders Describe
Proactively consult, engage and partner
52
PRB Principle: Governance & Culture Describe
Implement commitment to principles via governance & culture
53
PRB Principle: Transparency & Accountability Describe
Periodically review individual and collective implement of these principles - be transparent about +/- impacts

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