Swine 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
world pork consumptiion: number marketed, tonnes produced
~1 billion pigs marketed world-wide each year
~40% of all meat consumed is pork
~110 million tonnes of pork produced each year
>pig population and consumption increasing
canadian swine industry: how important are swine exports
- Pork: Canada’s 3rd largest agricultural export commodity (~$5 billion)
- Canada is world’s 3rd largest exporter of pork
- Canada is the #1 exporter of live swine
- ~ 5.3 million live pigs exported in 2020
- ~ 84% weaned or feeder pigs
Canada’s major swine centres
- Major swine centres: Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba
Ontario swine industry: how many pigs marketed, price per pif, ownership and geographical structure
- Ontario markets ~7 million finisher pigs (2019)
- Market price ~$200 / pig marketed*
- Most farms are family owned
- Farms are large and specialized
- Land-based farms for crop production and nutrient management
> Corn + soybeans
> Manure used to fertilize crops
food safety programs for swine
- Canadian Quality Assurance programs: 1998
- Animal Care Assurance program: Jan 2012
- Canadian Pork Excellence program: 2019
what is NFACC
code of practice for swine
types of swine farms (5), and what they do
- Farrow-to-finish
> +/- raise own replacement gilts - Weaner producers
> Sell pigs at 25 - 30 kg - Grow-Finish operations
> Buy 25 - 30 kg pigs & raise to market age/weight - Breeding stock suppliers
> Sell gilts and boars to others, supply boars to AI stud
> Most pigs still go for market hogs - Multi-site production
> multiple sow herds send pigs to one nursery
weaner producers sell pigs at:
25 - 30 kg
Grow-Finish operations buy pigs at? sell at?
- Buy 25 - 30 kg pigs & raise to market age/weight
multi-site production principles for pig rearing
-Pigs from multiple sow barns move Off-site into one nursery barn
- nursery pigs move into grower-finisher barns
benefits of multi-site systems
- Lower mortality
- Higher ADG
- Shorter days to market
drawbacks of multi-site systems
- Requires quality management of weaned pig and weaned sow
- May have costly outbreaks of disease
- E.g., Strep suis and H parasuis problems
how common in artificial insemination for pigs? what is the general schedule, with weaning?
- Artificial insemination
- widespread (98% of sows)
- Wean sows on Thursday
- Breed on Mon – Wed
boar:sow ratio for natural breeders
1 boar : 20 sows
gestation length in pigs, and housing
- 115-day gestation
- Combination of stalls and pens
- Code of Practice
at what point in gestation do we attempt estrus detection, and how?
Estrous detection with boar
* 21 days & 42 days
at what point in gestation do we do preg checks?
- 25 – 35 days
- Repeat at 42-56 days
pros and cons of farrowing crates
- Farrowing crates reduces piglet crushing
- Nesting behaviour inhibited
what do commercial farms use in farrowing crates to keep things clean
Commercial farms:
- Do not use bedding (unless organic farm)
- Use drying agents (for environment and pig itself)
birth and weaning weight for piglets
Born: ~1-1.5 kg
Weaned: ~ 5kg
nursery phase of piglet rearing includes what weight and age?
- 5kg to 25-30 kg
- Moved in at 3 wks
- Moved out at ~10 wks
- so stay in the nursery approx. 7 weeks
- All-in / all-out
- Specialized feed and housing to provide requirements of young pigs
Production Phases:
Grow-finisher: what weight and time does this phase start and end?
- 25-30 kg –> 110-115 kg
- 100-120 days to complete this stage
- 180 days old (~6 months) to reach 110-115 kg
overall pig farming lifecycle by age and weight, and for sows
Piglets:
-Nurse: ~3weeks ~1.5 kg – 5kg
-Nursery pigs: 3 – 10 wks, 5 kg – 25/30 kg
-Finisher pigs: 11 – 26 wks, 25/30 kg – 110-115 kg
-Market
Sows:
- Nurse: ~3weeks
-Breeding
-Gestation ~115 days
- Farrowing Born: ~1.5 kg
gilt age and weight
Gilts:
- 20 – 30 wks
- 74 – 140 kg
